Hypothesis testing begins with the assumption that randomization is used to collect quantitative data about the sample and that the distribution of this data has a normal shape. Significance tests state two explanations‚ or hypotheses‚ about a parameter. One‚ called the null hypothesis‚ states that the parameter equals some value (usually 0). The other‚ called the alternative hypothesis‚ states that the parameter is greater than‚ less than or (not) equal to the value stated in the null hypothesis
Premium Statistical hypothesis testing Statistics Null hypothesis
Manage the Use of Force Ethical Issues Abstract A growing concern in America is the unnecessary use of force police officers use on the innocent or those in their custody. The role of the police officer carries both power and authority and the abuse of that power and authority raises issues society must face. This paper discusses the problem of officers who use unnecessary force‚ what managers and executives are doing to deal with this problem and the ethical dilemmas associated with the use of excessive
Premium Police
There are many factors that could cause problems in the research sociologist conduct. Gender is a main point that could tamper a researcher’s results. There are five ways gender can shape research. The first way gender can affect sociological research is androcentricity‚ looking at issues from the male perspective. Women are sometimes ignored because researchers believe men’s actions or roles are more important. For example‚ a study on professional basketball would have inaccurate results if
Premium Gender Woman Gender role
According to the self-medication hypothesis (SMH; Khantzian‚1985). The individuals’ choice of a particular drug is not accidental or coincidental‚ but instead‚ a result of the individual’s psychological condition‚ as the drug of choice provides relief to the user specific to his or her condition. Specifically‚ addiction is hypothesized to function as a compensatory means to modulate effects and treat distressful psychological states‚ whereby individuals choose the drug that will most appropriately
Premium Psychology Alcohol
Ethical Issues in Pharmacy Research Reflection There is abundant evidence showing how easy it is to exploit individuals in the history of medical research in the twentieth century. It was not until the early 1960s when the public began to take notice of the ethical neglect that researchers had for their subjects. The exposure of gross abuses in medical research generated a public furor that was finally noticed by those who administered research funding which enabled changes to policy to begin to
Premium Research Informed consent Clinical trial
to scientists of all kind and historians. There were many questions being asked during the investigation. One being how old is the ice mummy body. In other words what time period‚ or how long ago did he live in. Scientist started questioning thing‚ they discovered which led the scientists to create hypotheses. The discovery of Otzi had scientists estimating how old the mummy was and what types of minerals his tools were. One hypothesis was that the ice mummy lived around 2000 BC because his tools
Premium DNA Genetically modified organism Genetic engineering
bears when they were put into different solutions‚ if they would get bigger‚ smaller‚ or stay the same. Such as would it change color‚ texture‚ and/or weight. My hypothesis was that the gummy bears would get bigger in all the solutions‚ they would get bigger in the forms of length‚ width‚ and height. The second hypothesis was that I didn’t think they will change colors‚ and I didn’t think that the texture would change. To begin this experiment‚ I purchased one bag of gummies
Premium Nutrition Food Marketing
normal social life. Therefore‚ I support Whorfian Hypothesis and think that language is influenced under the social condition. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that an individual’s comprehension of the world is determined by his or her background linguistics system. In other words‚ languages used within his or her culture‚ influence his or her thoughts‚ ideas‚ and view of the world. The strong version of the hypothesis claims that languages bind all human thoughts and
Free Linguistic relativity Linguistics Benjamin Lee Whorf
facial feedback hypothesis states that the action of a person’s facial musculature is a casual agent in the subjective sensation of emotions (Deckers‚ 2005). Many psychologists agree that the free expression of the physical characteristics of emotions‚ such as smiling or frowning‚ are actually direct feedback of the emotion an individual is feeling. For example‚ a smile from a person may cause happiness in another individual while a frown may cause sadness. However‚ after further research it was determined
Premium Psychology Emotion Personality psychology
Solar Nebular Hypothesis The idea behind the Solar Nebular Hypothesis is that the solar system was condensed from an enormous cloud of hydrogen‚ helium‚ and a few other elements and rocks. Around five billion years this cloud of materials began to spin and contract together into a disk shape under their own gravitational forces. The particles started combined together‚ protoplanets‚ to eventually form planets. A great mass of the material eventually began to form together‚ protosun‚ and make
Premium Solar System Universe Earth