Grade 12 Biology: Molecular Genetics Review Questions The unit test will be composed of three sections. Part A: Study Notes. You will create study notes to completely and correctly answer ALL of the review questions. You will submit your study sheets before the test. (10 marks) Part B: Short Answer Questions (25-30 marks). Part C: Critical Thinking Questions (10-15 marks) Part B: Short Answer Questions 1. Define heterozygous/homozygous/phenotype/genotype/dominant/recessive.
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GENE MUTATION‚TYPES OF MUTATIONS 1. Gene Mutation A Gene Mutation is defined as an alternation in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. It can affect a single nucleotide pair or larger gene segments of a chromosome. Mutations cause changes in the genetic code which lead to genetic variation and the potential to develop disease. What causes Gene Mutation? → Gene mutations are most commonly caused as a result of two types of occurrences. 1. Environmental factors Ex) chemicals‚ radiation
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Genetic Engineering INTRODUCTION Genetic Engineering Involves methods‚ techniques‚ and procedures used in gene manipulation. Furthermore‚ it Involves isolation‚ manipulation and reintroduction of DNA into cells or model organisms‚ usually to express a protein to reach desired effects. Aim: to introduce new characteristics or attributes physiologically or physically Such as: making a crop resistant to herbicide‚ introducing a novel trait‚ enhancing existing ones‚ or producing a new protein
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The Selfish Gene Author: Richard Dawkins Book Criticism •“Genes cannot be selfish or unselfish‚ any more than atoms can be jealous‚ elephants abstract or biscuits teleological. This should not need mentioning‚ but Richard Dawkins’s book The Selfish Gene has succeeded in confusing a number of people about it” (Midgley). •There are many things to disagree with in the book‚ depending on one’s viewpoint. Some people may interpret the term “selfish gene” in a literal way‚ believing that
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Genetic engineering I. Intro: (Beginning statement) Is creating your baby with a catalog equivalent to giving birth to one? Creating life in this world can be a wonderful moment in someone’s life. It could be coming up with baby names‚ wondering if he/she is going to look like mom or dad‚ and hoping that your baby is born completely healthy. All of these aspects of living come from bringing life into this world. (State position) Making your baby as you vision it in your head
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Lecture 10 Gene cloning BIOLOGY Campbell‚ Reece and Mitchell Chapter 20 Gene cloning technology Also known as: Genetic engineering or Genetic manipulation (GM) technology – implies precision engineering being applied to DNA molecules Recombinant DNA technology - implies that new combinations of DNA molecules can be made I.e. “recombinant” DNA molecules Overview of Genetic Engineering procedure 1. Making recombinant DNA molecules that can replicate in bacterial cells Genetic engineering
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CHAPTER EIGHT 8 AN OVERVIEW OF GENE EXPRESSION HOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL SWITCHES WORK THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT CREATE SPECIALIZED CELL TYPES POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROLS Control of Gene Expression An organism’s DNA encodes all of the RNA and protein molecules that are needed to make its cells. Yet a complete description of the DNA sequence of an organism—be it the few million nucleotides of a bacterium or the few billion nucleotides in each human cell—does not enable us to reconstruct the
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organizations and public interest groups have been actively protest- ing against GM foods for months‚ and recent controversial studies about the effects of genetically-modified corn pollen on monarch butterfly caterpillars1‚2 have brought the issue of genetic engineering to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U.S. In response to the up swelling of public concern‚ the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held three open meetings in Chicago‚ Washington‚ D.C.‚ and Oakland‚ California to solicit
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Genotype - Shared environment – intelligence (IQ) Unshared environment- mental illnesses (depression) Twin studies Family studies Adoption studies Genes and intelligence and evaluation of research Twin studies‚ strength and limitations Family studies‚ strength and limitations Adoption studies‚ strength and limitations. Twin studies Strengths: Same genotype for MZ twins Same age Minnesota twin study: longitudinal‚ large sample‚ cross-cultural‚ different age groups Brought
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scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called “genetic engineering.” Genetic engineering also refers to the artificial modification of the genetic code of any living organism. Genetic engineering changes the original physical nature of the organism‚ sometimes in ways that would never occur in nature. Genes from one organism are inserted in another organism‚ most often across natural species boundaries
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