Exploration of Encode 2 In September 2003‚ The National Human Genome Research Institute or NHGRI set out a project called ENCODE. ENCODE stands for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements‚ and was set out to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. This means identifying all the regions of transcription‚ transcription factor association‚ chromatin structure and histone modification in the human genome sequence. These functional elements were able to be identified and now 80%
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DNA fragment‚ the more rapidly it moves during electrophoresis. There is a linear relationship between the sizes of dan fragments and their respective electrophoretic mobilities. A genome is the genetic material of an organism‚ this is important because the size of base pairs varies according to the genome. The genome conducts two processes such as coding for proteins that dictate phenotype and provides genetic continuity from one generation
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2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved needle pulled from a veritable haystack of cancer-associated mutations thanks to highpowered genome sequencing. In the past two years‚ labs around the world have teamed up to sequence the DNA from thousands of tumours along with healthy cells from the same individuals. Roughly 75 cancer genomes have been sequenced to some extent and published; researchers expect to have several hundred completed sequences by the end of the year. The efforts
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Value of the data • This is the first draft genome of Trametes villosa‚ a tropical white-rot Basidiomycota from the semiarid region of Brazil‚ promising for its production of ligninolytic enzymes. • T. villosa isolate CCMB561 is a good producer of lignin peroxidase‚ manganese peroxidase‚ and laccase‚ enzymes considered key for lignin degradation‚ providing a major advantage for its use in bioenergy research. • The draft genome will accelerate functional genomics research‚ helping to understand the
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death of the host cell • Genus/species names not used in viral classification Compenents of a virus (lipid bilayer) Viral components: Nucleic Acid • Viral genomes can be either DNA or RNA • This genome‚ once inside a host cell‚ directs synthesis of new viral proteins‚ and also replication of new viral genomes • Viral genomes come in all kinds: • Single- or double-stranded‚ RNA or DNA • Linear or circular • One piece or segmented (in several fragments) (protein) (DNA or RNA) (glycoproteins)
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and SSR (Ofori et al 2008) markers. It is a diploid species (AA=2n=20) with a small genome (1C=0.539±0.018pg‚ Johnston et al 2005) and published data suggest that it has a high rate of genome evolution (Wang et al 2011). The genome of B. rapa consists to about 39.5% of transposons (Wang et al 2011). B. rapa is an excellent model system to understand polyploid genome evolution due to availability of whole genome sequence information(Wang et al 2011) strong phylogenetic relationship with A. thaliana
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largest to smallest‚ based on the structures or concepts they represent: a. chromosome b.gene pool c. gene d. DNA e. genome Gene pool‚ genome‚ chromosome‚ gene‚ DNA 2. Distinguish between: a. an autosome and a sex chromosome b. genotype and phenotype c. DNA and RNA d. recessvie and dominant traits e. pedigrees and karyotypes f. gene and genome a. An autosome does not carry genes that determine sex. A sex chromosome does. b. Genotype is the
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re-association provides a measure of genome size in base pairs Functions of DNA REM Replication: genotypic function Expression: phenotypic function Mutation: evolutionary function DNA Structure Base Pair Rules - Adenosine=Thymine‚ Guanine≡Cytosine Chargaff’s rule: (Purine + Pyrimidine)A+C=T+G‚ ‘any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases’ DNA is a double helix in a right handed manner. There is no relation between genome size and animal size. Central
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1. Plasmids Plasmids are closed circular‚ double-stranded‚ extrachromosomal DNA molecules which occur naturally in bacteria‚ yeast‚ and some higher eukaryotic cells‚ and exist in a parasitic or symbiotic relationship with their host cell (Lodish et al.‚ 2000) The main application of plasmids is as cloning vectors in gene cloning. In gene cloning‚ a fragment of DNA‚ containing the gene to be cloned is inserted into a circular molecule called the “vector” to produce recombinant DNA molecule. Plasmids
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Bioinformatics From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search For the journal‚ see Bioinformatics (journal). [pic] [pic] Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). Assembly of the human genome is one of the greatest achievements of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is the application of statistics and computer science to the field of molecular biology. The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in 1978 for the study of informatic processes
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