arise‚ from the base sequence of DNA through to the observed phenotype. Genes come in different varieties‚ called alleles. Somatic cells contain two alleles for every gene‚ with one allele provided by each parent of an organism. Genotype refers to the information contained in an organisms DNA‚ or genetic material. Its phenotype is the physical expression of its genotype. Although every creature is born with a fixed genotype‚ the phenotype is a variable influenced by many factors in the animal’s environment
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Explain the structure and inheritance of genes (15 marks) A cell’s nucleus contains chromosomes‚ which are long‚ coiled packaged and organized chromatin (molecules of DNA). Chromatin is a complex of molecules found in cells‚ consisting of DNA‚ protein and RNA. Proteins are polypeptides (a large sequence of amino acids). The chief protein component of chromatin are histones‚ which package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes in order to fit in the cell‚ as well as reinforce the
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results be produced by cross-pollinating two different F1 plants? Answer: No‚ the results would be different. While self pollination produces 3 : 1 ratio of yellow versus gene phenotype‚ cross pollination would result in 1 : 1 ratio‚ in the F2. This is because F1 yellow are heterozygous‚ while green are homozygous genotypes. 2. In the right-hand part of Figure 2-4‚ in the plant showing an 11 : 11 ratio‚ do you think it would be possible to find a pod with all yellow peas? All green? Explain
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shows the occurrence of sickle cell anaemia within one family. Figure 1 A pedigree diagram showing the occurrence of sickle cell anaemia within one family. a Look at the family tree in Figure 1 above and using suitable symbols suggest what the genotype of individual 6 might be. Give a reason for your answer. Unaffected female b If individuals 7 and 8 have children‚ state what proportion of their children would be expected to be carriers of the sickle cell anaemia allele. 3/4 Q3 Huntington’s
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dominant and a blending of the trait results. Other traits are sex-limited and are only expressed in one sex. Observable characteristics of an organism‚ e.g.‚ blue eyes or freckles‚ are referred to as the phenotype while the genes actually regulating a particular phenotype are known as the genotype of the organism. Although many human traits are regulated by complex genetic principles‚ Mendel’s Laws can be used to illustrate the inheritance of
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Biology Test- Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study a. flowering. b. gamete formation. c. the inheritance of traits. d. cross-pollination. 2. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits a. are true-breeding. b. make up the F2 generation. c. make up the parental generation. d. are called hybrids. 3. The chemical
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time. It consists of all alleles at all gene loci in all individuals of the population 3. What is the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem and why does it appear to be an apparent contradiction to evolution? The theorem states that frequencies of alleles and genotypes will stay the same as long as the gametes are contributed to the next population at random. This appears to be a contradiction to evolution because it seems to say populations will never change. However‚ this condition only exists under certain conditions
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base pairing is specific‚ if one knows the sequence of bases a long one strand of the DNA one will also know the strand of the DNA one will also know the sequence along the complimentary strand. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? The phenotype is an organism in a class to which that organism belongs as determined by the description of the physical and behavioral. Because of the Characteristics of the organism for example the size and shape‚ its metabolic activities
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between an organism’s genotype and their phenotype? A genotype is the alleles of a gene that determine the appearance an individual receives from their parents. The appearance of an individual is called its phenotype. 9. What is a punnet square used for? The punnet square is used to visualize the possible results from a cross between a true-breeding purple plant and a true-breeding white plant. 10. Solve the following genetic crosses. **Include the genotype and phenotype ratios. a. Tt x Tt
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Homologous Chromosomes and Sister Chromatids (HC and SC): Clearly distinguish between HC and SC pairs. Your answer should include the following: a clear distinction between ‘chromatin’ and ‘chromosome’‚ and how this difference affects gene expression; simple line diagrams to illustrate the difference between non-replicated and replicated DNA inchromatin and chromosome forms; afull description of both HC and SC with a labeled diagram that includes gene/allele sequences for a heterozygote and ‘m’
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