MENDELIAN GENETICS DEXTER GICARO BALBOA UNO-R Coverage of this Lecture • Mendelian Genetics • Extension of Mendel’s Laws • Problem Sets Mendelian Genetics • Also known as Transmission Genetics • Explores how the genetic material is inherited from generation to generation Mendelian Genetics The first significant insights into the mechanisms involved in inheritance occurred in 1866 with the works of Gregor Johann Mendel His publication lay the foundation for the formal discipline of genetics
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to review the phenotype population of people at Southwest CTA. The research was organized to find the allele and genotype frequency of people who use their right hand versus their left hand. The data showed that the dominant allele was more frequent than the recessive‚ and the genotype frequencies amongst the three were not equal. After studying the chi-squared tests‚ we have decided to reject the null hypothesis because there was a significant difference across the three genotypes. ________
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an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? A person’s genotype comes directly from their genetic makeup‚ whereas a person’s phenotype relates directly to their physical attributes via protein development. The two are intertwined by the process of synthesis with transcription and translation. DNA is transcribed into RNA which then uses that DNA as a template to translate into a polypeptide forming the trait or attribute. Depending on the DNA or genotype‚ the RNA or phenotype is conversely
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Terms Genotype: a set of alleles (RR or rr) Phenotype: physical trait (round or wrinkled) Punnett Square: A grid system for predicting all possible genotypes Monohybrid: a cross that examines the inheritance of one trait Dihybrid: a cross that examines the inheritance of two traits Genetics Key Terms Continued Independent assortment: alleles of different genes separate independently of one another Incomplete dominance: A heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes Codominance:
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the Punnett square to determine the genotypes in the progeny of each of the following crosses: a. Dd x Dd b. AaBB x AaBB c. CcEE x CCEe Notice: in every case‚ each parent produces only two types of gametes. [pic] 3. In guinea pigs‚ rough coat (R) is dominant over smooth coat (r). A rough coated guinea pig is bred to a smooth one‚ giving eight rough and seven smooth progeny in the F1 generation. a. What are the genotypes of the parents and their offspring
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Procedure 17.1 There was a paragraph that had to be read about Albinos and normal colored skin. In order to determine a list of things‚ such as these. List Genotype of Children’s mother Aa Genotype of children’s father aa Possible gametes of mother Aa Possible gametes of father aa Possible offspring aa/Aa Genotypic ratio of children Aa Phenotypic ratio of children Dominant Procedure 17.5 You had to see if cystic fibrosis was inherited as a dominant or recessive allele. There was a table
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A is 0.5. a. What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA)? b. What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)? 2. If 16% of the individuals in a population at genetic equilibrium are recessive (aa). a. What is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population? b. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? 3. If the genotype frequencies in a population at genetic equilibrium are 0.36 TT‚ 0.48 Tt
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* Meiosis – cell division for gamete production * In specialized tissues * Produces cells with the 1n chromosome number * Two Divisions * Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes * Meiosis II separates sister chromisis * Asexual Reproduction * Mitotic division * Identical offspring * Sexual Reproduction * Fuse gametes from parents (syngamy) to produce a zygote * Each parent contributes half the genetic material * Increase the diversity of
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There were multiple parts to this experiment that were introduced together. In the first part of the experiment‚ we used a cup and a coin with both a heads and tails side‚ shook the coin‚ and looked at the side in which the coin landed on. After conducting these tests 20 times‚ we recorded which side that the coin landed on each time. In our results‚ we saw that the coin landed on heads 11 times and it landed on the tails side 9 times. We originally hypothesized that it would be an even mix between
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__________ flowers __________ __________ __________ __________ a: the phenotype of the parents: b: the genotype of the parents: c: complete Punnett’s Square for the F1 generation: F1 [question 2 - continuation] d: The ratio of genotypes of the possible offspring. {write out the genotypes (symbols) and the number of each of them} e: The ratio of phenotypes of the possible offspring. {write out the phenotypes (word) and the number of each of them} 3. (30 pts) What is the value of transgentic
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