EXPERIMENT A: CIS-TRANS CONVERSION OF BUTENEDIOIC ACID PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT 1. Maleic acid is the cis version and fumaric acis is the trans version of butenedioic acid. 2. 3. See attached paper. 4. Maleic anhydride is the compound that crystalizes in part A in the experiment. 5. HCl acts as a catalyst to break one of the carbonyl group in the maleic acid which rotates the structure to form a trans structure of the butonal acid which is the fumaric acid. And it does so by donating its protons
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Cis-Trans Isomers of But-2-enedioic acid Introduction Cis-trans isomers are a kind of stereoisomers called geometrical isomers. Due to the inability of rotation about the C=C bond‚ some compounds possess cis and trans isomers. But-2-enedioic acid is an example of having both isomers. Maleic acid Fumaric acid Cis and trans isomers have different physical properties such as boiling point‚ solubility‚ density and stability. In this experiment some maleic acid is converted
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and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table 1. Literature and actual IR values of (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. Compound
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finished‚ submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (7 points) Score 1. What is an isomer? How many possible isomers of heptane are there? What are the structural differences between these isomers? Answer: Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but have a different atom arrangement‚ as well as different properties. Heptane has 9 possible isomers; all of them have different connectivity‚ different branching. Event though they share the same molecular formula
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Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol Introduction An alcohol’s reactivity is determined based on the attachment of their hydroxyl functional group. The location of this hydroxyl functional group will impact the molecular structure of the alcohol‚ making it either primary (1° )‚ secondary (2° )‚ or tertiary (3° ). The purpose of this experiment is to observe and predict the reactions that take place between all three alcohols and an oxidizing agent‚ as well as to test our theories of how the
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Geometric Krater The Geometric Krater is a magnificent piece of Greek Art. In the eight century‚ vase painting became very popular. The vases show a great show a great variety of style and development over the centuries‚ beginning with the geometric and very linear style. They then continued through the oriental style which borrowed images from the eastern world‚ and into the classical era with mythology portrayed with as much classical accuracy as the ancient Greek potters and painters could
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of the geometric sequence 8‚ –16‚ 32 … if there are 15 terms? (1 point) = 8 [(-2)^15 -1] / [(-2)-1] = 87384 2. What is the sum of the geometric sequence 4‚ 12‚ 36 … if there are 9 terms? (1 point) = 4(3^9 - 1)/(3 - 1) = 39364 3. What is the sum of a 6-term geometric sequence if the first term is 11‚ the last term is –11‚264 and the common ratio is –4? (1 point) = -11 (1-(-4^n))/(1-(-4)) = 11(1-(-11264/11))/(1-(-4)) = 2255 4. What is the sum of an 8-term geometric sequence
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Geometric Design of Highways -refer to the visible dimensions of streets and highways. -Its main purpose is to provide safe‚ efficient‚ and economical movement of traffic. Major areas of the design: Locational design Alignment design (includes design controls and criteria) Cross-section design Locational Design One of the most crucial and important parts of the design process of highways. The location procedure is an iterative process in which engineers‚ planners‚ economist‚ ecologist
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Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
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results did support the concept that as the carbon number increased so would the energy level. When comparing the energy levels of other isomers to straight chain alcohols‚ the graph shows the first part of the trend line for the other isomers to have a higher energy‚ while the less steep trend gradient means this switches over between 3 and 4 carbon‚ indicating that isomers with a carbon atom number greater than that will have increasingly lower enthalpy levels. This variance in results when performed
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