Femininity and masculinity are socially constructed practices that reinforce gender inequality. Among the most popular variations of the social constructionist theories is the gender role theory as an early form of social constructionism (Gergen‚ 1985). The focus on power and hierarchy reveals inspiration stemming from a Marxist framework‚ utilized for instance by materialist feminism‚ and Foucault’s writings on discourse. Sex is the biological differences between male and female contradicting
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References: Gergen‚ K. J. (1999). An Invitation to social construction. Thousand Oaks‚ CA: Sage. [pp. 167-193] Kelley‚ P. (1996). Narrative theory and social work treatment. In F.J. Turner (Ed.)‚ Social work treatment (4th ed.‚ pp. 461-479). New York: Free Press. Monk
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Discuss two social psychological theories of aggression (24 marks) One social psychological theory of aggression is social learning theory. SLT argues that like all behaviour‚ aggression is learned through both direct and indirect reinforcement. Behaviour which is reinforced‚ be that positively or negatively – positive reinforcement occurs when the behaviour causes desired outcomes‚ negative reinforcement occurs when the behaviour causes undesirable outcomes - is more likely to be learned and repeated
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References: Danziger‚ K. (1996) ‘The practice of psychological discourse’ in Graumann‚ C.F. and Gergen‚ K.J. (eds) Historical Dimensions of Psychological Discourse‚ Cambridge‚ Cambridge University Press‚ pp. 17-35. Hallway‚ W. (2007) ‘Social psychology: past and present’ in Hollway‚ W.‚ Lucey‚ H. and Phoenix‚ A. (eds) Social Psychology Matters‚ The
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------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- With specific references to at least three testimonies‚ assess the role of ordinary Germans in the Holocaust. The ordinary Germans had an ambiguous and heavily debated role in the Holocaust during WW2. Much research has been undertaken by historians such as Daniel Goldhagen and Robert Galletely into the role the majority of ordinary Germans played in the Holocaust. The extent to which the majority
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105–114. Firat‚ F. & Dholakia‚ N. (1998) Consuming People: From Political Economy to Theatres of Consumption (London: Routledge). Fog‚ K.‚ Budtz‚ C. & Yakaboylu‚ B. (2003) Storytelling – Branding i praksis (Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur). Gergen‚ K. & Gergen‚ M. (1988) Narrative and the self as relationship‚ Advances in Experimental Social Psychology‚ 21‚ pp. 17–56. Geva‚ A. & Goldman‚ A. (1991) Satisfaction measurement in guided tours‚ Annals of Tourism Research‚ 18(2)‚ pp. 177–185. Gottdiener
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Bibliography: Gergen‚ D. (2007) ’The Spirit of Teamwork ’‚ usnews‚ 12 november. Group Dynamics For Team‚ 2nd edition (2007)‚ SAGA Publications. Groysberg‚ B. and Abrahams‚ R. (2006) Lift Outs: How to Acquire a High-Functioning Team‚ December‚ [Online]‚ Available: http://hbr
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(Phoenix‚ 2007). ‘When people talk to each other‚ the world gets constructed’ (Burr‚ 2003‚ p.8). We use language to communicate and we construct our own identities through what and how we tell about ourselves (Phoenix‚ 2007). The psychologist Kenneth Gergen shows how he actively constructed his identity as ‘pen writer’ through his social relationships and how he then adapted to the technological changes by the introduction of the computer (as cited in Phoenix‚ 2007‚ p. 71). This fluidity of identity
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Illusion of Control: Theoretical Perspective on Power-Dependence Relationships Abstract One of the key contentions displayed in this paper is the means by which the initiative writing has inadequately tended to power. It has verifiably regarded power just as it were for all time inserted inside the setting of authoritative chain of importance as opposed to being a normal for the people in the social relationship. An examination of authority and force in a rotational administration outline is furnished
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and cultural activities" (Wetherell & Maybin‚ 1996‚ p 220). Social constructionist is concerned with explicating the processes by which people come to describe‚ explain‚ or otherwise account for the world (including themselves) in which they live (Gergen‚ 1971). Thus‚ the social constructionist approach implies that the self is shaped by social interaction within historical‚ cultural and social contexts. Social constructionist’s apply an analysis of societal level which explain the self through
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