Lecture Notes for Analog Electronics Raymond E. Frey Physics Department University of Oregon Eugene‚ OR 97403‚ USA rayfrey@cosmic.uoregon.edu December‚ 1999 Class Notes 1 1 Basic Principles In electromagnetism‚ voltage is a unit of either electrical potential or EMF. In electronics‚ including the text‚ the term “voltage” refers to the physical quantity of either potential or EMF. Note that we will use SI units‚ as does the text. As usual‚ the sign convention for current I
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SMART MATERIALS 1. Introduction The primary characteristic of a ‘‘smart material’’ is that it has the ability to respond to external stimuli in a technically useful and technically controlled way. The words ‘‘technically useful’’ and ‘‘technically controlled’’ are emphasized since all materials respond to external stimuli of some sort or other (as a simple example‚ all materials respond to temperature by changing their volume)‚ however‚ to be considered a ‘‘smart material’’ the response must
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SPECIMEN H GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION B721/02 GATEWAY SCIENCE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE B Unit B721: Additional Science modules B3‚ C3‚ P3 (Higher Tier) Candidates answer on the question paper A calculator may be used for this paper. OCR Supplied Materials: None Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes Other Materials Required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Candidate Forename Candidate Surname Centre Number Candidate Number INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
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reveals that this electron is loosely bound to its parent atom. The application of an external electric field of the correct polarity can easily draw this loosely bound electron from its atomic structure for conduction. Both intrinsic silicon and germanium have complete outer shells due to the sharing (covalent bonding) of electrons between atoms. Electrons that are part of a complete shell structure require increased levels of applied attractive forces to be removed from their parent atom. 2. Intrinsic
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Diploma Programme Chemistry data booklet First examinations 2009 Diploma Programme Chemistry data booklet First published March 2007 Revised edition published September 2008 International Baccalaureate Peterson House‚ Malthouse Avenue‚ Cardiff Gate Cardiff‚ Wales GB CF23 8GL United Kingdom Phone: +44 29 2054 7777 Fax: +44 29 2054 7778 Website: http://www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2008 The International Baccalaureate (IB) offers three high quality and
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chapter 1 introduction 1.1GENERAL With the increasing denial of time and space the RFID technology is gaining momentum day by day. RFID is a source of identification of individuals and unique products. The budding technology RFID proves to threaten even the cloning technique‚ through the chip insertion. New ways of improving the existing RFID technology are being found and implemented. This advancement of RFID technology is looked beyond the security purposes. 1.2 PRESENT SCENARIO
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Oscillator Basics and Low-Noise Techniques for Microwave Oscillators and VCOs Ulrich L. Rohde∗ (ulr@synergymwave.com) Chairman‚ Synergy Microwave Corporation GaAs 2000 – Paris‚ France 2-6 October 2000 Abstract Microwave oscillator design is based on the principle of generating a negative resistance to compensate for the losses of the resonator. Several circuit combinations‚ including one- and twoport oscillators‚ are possible. In this discussion‚ we will first evaluate the conditions of oscillation
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LEARNING LOG 2: Observe‚ Connect and Reflect on Your Learning PART III – Symmetry in Crystals The most striking examples of symmetry…are crystals. Herman Weyl Period Focus Image Question Your Observations Complete at the end of Week 5 Image 5 Uvarovite is a gemstone rich in chromium. What are your main observations about uvarovite symmetry from studying the external form? (30 - 40 words) (2 marks) What is your personal favourite gemstone and what is its space group. (up to
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Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for Students Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Chemistry examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using tick boxes in Section 3‚ ‘What you need to know’‚ to check
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------------------------------------------------- History of computing hardware ) Computing hardware is a platform for information processing. History of computing | Hardware | * Hardware before 1960 * Hardware 1960s to present * Hardware in Soviet Bloc countries | Computer science | * Artificial intelligence * Compiler construction * Computer science * Operating systems * Programming languages * Software engineering | Modern concepts | * Graphical user
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