Alyssa Caparelli Organic Chemistry 12A Professor Alston October 28‚ 2014 Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to isolate ß-carotene‚ chlorophyll-A‚ and chlorophyll-B from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane
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ABSTRACT The relationship between the amount of substrate in the assay solution and the rate of the reaction when the enzyme and buffer in the assay are held constant were experimented. We analyzed the change in absorbencies over time for varying substrate concentrations. There were four experimental assays which contained 1% enzyme solution‚ substrate solution of 0%‚ 1%‚ 2%‚ and 3% concentrations‚ guaiacol‚ and pH 7 buffer. At 2% concentration there was a greater enzymatic activity and at 3% concentration
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Goal(s): To study the effect of concentration on the rate of a reaction‚ and to find the order of the reaction in each reactant and write a rate equation. Background Theory: Chemical reactions occur at different rates that ultimately depend on their concentration‚ the temperature‚ the usage of catalysts‚ the nature of reactants‚ like the surface area of the particles. Concentration‚ for instance‚ increases the number of molecules or particles in a certain volume‚ so collisions will become more
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not exist (Lab Manual 3 pg. 1). They help in many different ways that are useful to the body of living organisms. Enzyme are used to speed up chemical reactions (Lab Manual 3 pg. 1). Through this process‚ they are considered very unique because they are not altered or consumed within the reaction (Lab Manual 3 pg. 1). This is why enzymes are considered biological catalysts. They also do not alter the equilibrium of a chemical reaction nor the amount of free energy that is released (Lab Manual 3 pg
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oxygen‚ carbon dioxide‚ helium‚ and lab gas. We took a Ziplock bag‚ and turned into a non-stretchy balloon‚ and filled with each gas and measured the apparent mass then calculated the actual mass‚ then find a ratio between the mass of oxygen and the other gasses. We tried to keep the pressure about the same each time so our calculations would be more accurate. We found out that the heaviest was carbon dioxide‚ and the lightest was helium. In fact‚ helium and lab gas had a density below 0. Anyways
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Celestial Geography I Emily Richarz PH090-04 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to introduce us to star charts and how to use them to find stars‚ constellations and other bodies in the sky. Procedure: The instructor gave a brief but thorough lecture and demonstration on how to go about finding the answers on the worksheet. We then filled out the worksheet that cover finding stars and constellations using right ascension and declination in general and on specific dates‚ where constellations
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The properties of dibenzalacetone make it a great substance to be used when protecting the skin from the sun. In the experiment performed‚ dibenzalacetone was created from an aldol condensation of 2 portions of benzaldehyde and acetone in sodium hydroxide. The reaction that occurred in this experiment is known as a specific aldol condensation called Claisen-Schmidt. In the reaction‚ the carbonyl of benzaldehyde reacts quickly with the acetone anion to create a hydroxyketone that dehydrates in the
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major habitat. They can be found over range of continents and have common characteristics with plants and animals. There are many types of Biomes on earth. BIomes are distinct from habitats‚ because any biome can comprise a variety of habitats. In our lab we had figure out the major components in a biome. For example‚ like the weather‚ what animals live in it‚ plant life‚ etc… And answer key questions to why something happens in a Biome. And how species and plant life depend on each other to survive
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Wanni Lin Biology 110 March 2‚ 2015 DNA Lab BACKGROUND In this laboratory experiment‚ students were introduced to DNA electrophoresis. DNA electrophoresis is an instrument that many forensic scientists use to get a DNA fingerprint as an evidence for crimes. Not only can it be used for forensic science‚ people can use this for paternity test‚ as well as look for evolutionary relationships among organisms. Agarose is used to make the gel that the DNA fragments are going into. Since DNA particles are
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successfully synthesis the reactant to the product‚ NaBH4 was used as the main reagent to reduce the carbonyl double bond. One believes the formation of isoborneol was successfully due to the product’s percent yield‚ IR‚ and melting point. During the lab‚ .077 grams of isoborneol was yielded from the camphor reduction. In result‚ .077 g compared to an theoretical yield of .102 g equaled an overall 75% percentage yield. Considering the product yield was only a quarter shy of a 100% yield‚ provides strong
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