BASIC CONCEPTS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM :- In physiology‚ the endocrine system is a system of glands‚ each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to regulate the body. It derives from the Greek words endo meaning inside‚ within‚ and crinis for secrete. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system. Hormones are substances (chemical mediators) released from endocrine tissue into the bloodstream that attach to target tissue and allow communication among
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(2004) Cell Growth: Control of Cell Size. Cold Spring Harbor‚ New York: CSHL Press. Klionsky D and Emr S (2000) Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science 290: 1717–1721. Metcalf D‚ Greenhalgh CJ‚ Alexander WS et al. (2000) Gigantism in mice lacking suppressor of cytokine signalling-2. Nature 405: 1069– 1073. Musaro A‚ McCullagh K‚ Rosenthal N et al. (2001) Localized IgF-1 transgene expression sustains hypertrophy and regeneration in senescent skeletal muscle. Nature Genetics
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Achondroplasia Community College of Vermont Anatomy and Physiology I (BIO-2011-VR01) Spring 2013 By: Carrie A. Thibault Achondroplasia‚ meaning “without cartilage formation” is the medical term given to the most common form of dwarfism in the world. An estimated 1 in 15‚000 to 1 in 40‚000 births are to infants with achondroplasia. The mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) in chromosome 4 was first discovered in 1994 by Dr. John Wasmut of the University of California
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What is Achondroplasia? Commonly known as dwarfism. It is the most common type of short-limbed disproportionate dwarfism. The term achondroplasia was first used by Parrot in 1878. Although the term ‘achondroplasia’ literally means ‘without cartilage’‚ but in achondroplasia‚ the cartilage is formed but it does not get converted to bone especially‚ in the limbs. People with achondroplasia have short arms and legs‚ normal size trunk and a large head. Another condition similar to achondroplasia is hypochondroplasia
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receptors which cause oxytocin to be released from the posterior pituitary gland this oxytocin causes more frequent and Powerful contractions which in turn caused more receptors to be stimulated and more oxytocin to be released. Pituitary dwarfism Pituitary dwarfism is caused by a lack of growth hormone which is also called somatropin. Somatropin stimulates cell reproduction and growth and is is classed as a polypeptide hormone. Somatropin is produced in the pituitary glands and is responsible for growth
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Endocrine The endocrine gland system helps produce and deliver hormones. These help take control of many important body parts. It also helps your body change your calories into energy. Endocrine system is important because it impacts how your heart beats‚ how your tissues grow and even if you can have a baby. It also plays a role if you would or wouldn’t develop thyroid‚ growth disorders‚ or a host of other hormone related disorders. The glands of the endocrine system let go of specific hormones
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Achondroplasia (Dwarfism) Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism‚ which occurs in about 1 of every 25‚000 births (1). An individual with achondroplasia is very short in stature‚ averaging around 3 feet 8 inches‚ with very short stumpy limbs. Achondroplasia dwarfs also have a disproportionately large head with a bossing forehead. They have hyperextendibility in most of their joints‚ except their elbows‚ which cannot fully extend. Due to extensive fibular growth‚ the legs of achondroplasia
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CHAPTER 15 The Endocrine System NOTES 1. Name 4 ways cells communicate with each other and name important characteristics of each. Answers a. gap junctions: really fast‚ nondirectional‚ part of nervous system b. neurotransmitters: fast‚ directional‚ specific‚ limited effects‚ part of nervous system c. paracrines: local tissue fluids‚ nondirectional‚ limited effects d. hormones: slower in onset‚ systemic in bloodstream‚ sustained effects 2. The area of the brain that is
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Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth hormone deficiency is a medical state in which the body generates inadequate amount of growth hormone. This deficiency of growth hormone in children develops dwarfism. For normal growth and development of children‚ growth hormone is very essential. Children having dwarfism can be treated with replacement therapy of growth hormone (Castro‚ Rogol‚ & Shulman‚ 2011). Somatropin‚ Humatrope‚ Genotropin‚ Saizen‚ Nutropin‚ and Norditropin are some drugs which are used as
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Achondroplasia is a genetic bone growth disorder which is the most common cause of short-limbed dwarfism (Defendi). Affecting 1 in every 25‚000 people‚ achondroplasia is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 gene (FGFR3)‚ which is located on chromosome 4‚ causing abnormally short stature (Schoenstadt). Achondroplasia comes from the Greek word meaning “without cartilage formation” as the defect causes the body to be unable to change cartilage into bone‚ causing failure for
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