atoms can rotate and vibrate with respect to each other. These vibrations and rotations also have discrete energy levels‚ which can be considered as being packed on top of each electronic level. UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in analytical chemistry for thequantitative determination of different analytes‚ such as transition metal ions‚ highly conjugated organic compounds‚ and biological macromolecules. Spectroscopic analysis is commonly carried out in solutions but solids and gases may also
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Organometallic preparation and addition to carbonyls‚ Wittig reagent preparation and Wittig rxn‚ Wolff‚ H-based nucleophile carbonyl reduction‚ imine formation‚ reductive amination (rxn only)‚ ketal/acetal formation‚ dithiane chemistry (rxn only)‚ alpha-bromination of ketones‚ -COOH properties (the trends on HW4)‚ Fischer‚ acidic/basic hydrolysis of esters/amides/nitriles‚ CH2N2‚ acid chloride formation (rxn only)‚ acid chloride rxns with esters and amides. 2 Rxn of carboxyllic acid derivatives
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CHEM 301 LECTURE Unit 1 0 . COORDINATION CHEMISTRY Factors t hat affect solubility: Common ion: decrease in solubility Complex ion: increase in solubility How does complex ion formation increase solubility? Consider the complex ion formation between silver and ammonia: + Ag + 2NH3 A g(NH3 )2 + Kf = 1 .5 x 10 7 where Kf i s the formation constant (always >1 ‚ formation of the complex is highly favorable) Complex ion formation increases the solubility of sol ids in water
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level 5070/31 CHEMISTRY Paper 3 Practical Test October/November 2010 CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS *4711088250* Great care should be taken to ensure that any confidential information given does not reach the candidates either directly or indirectly. The Supervisor’s attention is drawn to the form on page 7 which must be completed and returned with the scripts. If you have any problems
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Gas Chromatography (GC) Definition: Gas chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases‚ one being a stationary bed of large surface area‚ and the other a gas that percolates through the stationary bed. When the stationary phase is a solid‚ the separation process is more precisely called gas-solid chromatography. Introduction: Gas Chromatography is a technique widely used to separate complex mixtures of substances. Compounds
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Chemistry Review (mid-term) 1. Use the equation for atomic mass to answer the following questions. (http://johnheilchem10.escuelacampoalegre.wikispaces.net/file/view/average+atomic+mass+calculations+-+3.pdf) 1. Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes: argon-36‚ argon-38‚ and argon-40. Based on argon’sreported atomic mass‚ which isotope do you think is the most abundant in nature? Explain. 2. Copper is made of two isotopes. Copper-63 is 69.17% abundant and it has a mass of 62.9296 amu.
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Chemistry Ozone Depletion Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth’s stratosphere (the ozone layer)‚ and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as theozone hole. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena‚ there are also springtime polartropospheric ozone depletion events. The
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Topic 6 Microscopic World II Unit 23 Shapes of molecules Unit 24 Bond polarity and intermolecular forces Key C o ncepts Microscopic World II Shapes of molecules • Covalent molecules with non-octet structures • Shapes of molecules • The VSEPR theory • Molecular crystals of buckminsterfullerene (C60) • Carbon nanotubes Bond polarity and intermolecular forces • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Van der Waals’ forces • Factors affecting the strength
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2005 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 5070/01 w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. Write your name‚ Centre number and candidate number on the answer
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however‚ my dreams go beyond my own person. My main dream is to give back to my Hispanic community. Hispanics have become and will become the future of this country and if we don’t take the steps to support one another nobody will.
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