Chapter 8 – Systems oriented theories 1. Introduction Rationale: Why corporate management might elect to voluntarily provide particular information to parties outside the organisation. (Page 250 & 251) Gray‚ Owen and Adams (1996): Legitimacy Theory and Stakeholder Theory are two theorietical perspectives that have been adopted by a number of researchers in recent years. The theories are sometimes referred to as “systems-oriented theories”. Within a systems-based perspective‚ the entity is assumed
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Most of the decisions ever taken by anybody are based around how they will affect their family‚ their education‚ and themselves. These values allow us to treat different people in a certain way. Depending on how our values were instilled into us‚ we become good people‚ kind and gentle. Or‚ we become bad people‚ angry and harsh. Values such as being results-oriented‚ a hard worker‚ a team player‚ and the desire to be successful guide humanity in making our every-day-life decisions“The values instilled
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123 The Managerial approach Origin and Values The managerial approach was originated from the civil service reform movement which requested the idea of “businesslike manner” in public administration. The three core values of managerial approach addressed by Woodrow Wilson are the idea of “maximaization” in three aspects — effectiveness‚ efficiency and economy. With regard to the maximaization of effectiveness‚ it is talking about what the government can do in successful and proper ways
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the communicative approach 1. The definition of communicative approach 2. Two principles of communicative approach • Create a realistic situation • The class should be students-centered III. Adopt communicative approach to improve students ability to listen and speak‚ and achieve the goal of English teaching 1. Three stages in communicative teaching 2. Communicative activities in class 3. Achieve the goal of English teaching through communicative approach IV. Conclusion
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BEHAVIORIAL APPROACH I want to use behaviorist approach to explain the time I taught my dog how to sit and play tricks. Behaviorism is an avenue in psychology‚ which has associates with elements of reasoning‚ process‚ and theory. It started in the early twentieth century as a reaction to "mentalist" psychology‚ which often had difficulty making predictions that‚ could be tested using rigorous experimental methods. The primary precept of behaviorism‚ as embodied
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Humanistic The humanistic approach studies the whole of an individual including their uniqueness. Psychologists look at a human’s behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer‚ but also through the eyes of the individual displaying the behaviour. Psychologists believe that an individual’s behaviour is connected to their feelings and self-concept. The humanistic theory focuses on reinforcement of stimulus-response behaviour. The hierarchy of needs is one of the best known theories of motivation
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1) Biological Approach The Biological approach studies the relationship between behavior and the brain and nervous system. Theorically all behavior can be related to changes in brain activity. Because brain is the processing centre that controls all complex behavior. One of the main assumptions of the biological approach is that all behavior is associated with changes in brain function. Therefore the psychopathology will occur due to changes in either the structure if related to changes in the
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Task 1: Psychodynamic approach P1 – Explain the principle psychological perspectives. M1 – Assess different psychological approaches to study. Sigmund Freud developed an approach which was the first psychological approach that elucidated behaviour. Freud discovered the psychoanalysis‚ which is a technique for curing mental illness and also a theory which explains human behaviour. Psychoanalysis is recognised as the talking cure. Normally‚ Freud would inspire his patients to talk freely (on
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behavioral variables. We will discuss the background of Global Electronics‚ Inc. and their situation and then we will expand upon the signs that reveal that a costing system is not supporting management decision making. We will discuss the differences between traditional volume-based cost systems and ABC systems in terms of their ability to support decision-making in addition to the steps related to designing an ABC model. BACKGROUND Global Electronics‚ Inc. (GEI) is headquartered in Sarasota
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Introduction The lexical approach was invented by Michael Lewis in 1993. Over the years many different methods of language teaching had been developed. There is not a worst one or a better one; the educators choose which one will work better for them. In fact‚ knowing the basic or even the most complicated elements of a language teaching methods does not mean that we will be able to implement it in a classroom; there are important points that we have to take into consideration of our personality
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