. Pricing Strategies: 1. Penetration Pricing: This pricing strategy is followed by companies with the intention to maximize their market share. They believe that a higher sales volume will lead to lower unit costs & higher long-run profit. Example: China Mobile Phones in India.This is one of the fastest growing industries in India. China mobile phones are cheap and offer the same features as a expensive mobile from some other well known manufacturer few samples of Chinese mobiles are shown
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1. What is “kamikaze pricing”? Kamikaze pricing is an extreme form of penetration pricing. “Kamikaze” is a reference to World War II Japanese dive bomber pilots who would sacrifice their lives by crashing their airplanes‚ heavily loaded with explosives‚ onto enemy ships. Kamikaze pricing happens when the reasoning for penetration pricing is flawed because marketers wrongly assume lower prices will increase sales. However‚ in the business world‚ the continuous pursuit of increasing sales by lowering
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Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs Marketing Management Price Changing in the Internet Internet reverse the fixed pricing trend‚ since: Buyers can: Get instant price comparisons from thousands of vendors. Name their price and have it met. Get products free. Both Buyers and Sellers can: Negotiate prices in online auctions and exchanges Sellers can: Monitor customer behavior and tailors offers to individuals. Give certain customers access to special prices. Consumer Psychology
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PRICING METHODOLOGY Pricing methods adopted by an organization determines the values attached to its products. Pricing determinant can be Internal or External. An Internal pricing determinant is one that is controlled by the marketer while the external is not controllable by the marketer. We shall be considering the following types of pricing models: PRICE DISCRIMINATION: Price discrimination is the practice of setting a different price for the same product in different segments to the market.
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INDIA SEGMENTATION DEMOGRAPHIC Population 1‚173‚108‚018 (July 2010 est.) Age structure 0-14 years: 30.5% (male 187‚197‚389/female 165‚285‚592) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 384‚131‚994/female 359‚795‚835) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 28‚816‚115/female 31‚670‚841) (2010 est.) Median age total: 25.9 years male: 25.4 years female: 26.6 years (2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.376% (2010 est.) Urbanization urban population: 29% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual
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“What is the so-called pricing process?” Pricing is the determination of monetary amount in exchange on the commodity sold or the service rendered by the business. In pricing‚ the Business should consider the following factors that affect pricing: 1. The manufacturing or production cost. Variable and fixed costs are the costs incurred in a product or service. Examine whether the costs that have been incurred in the commodity sold or service rendered are going to be covered up by the revenue
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the competitors. Ford’s latest pricing strategy is regarding passenger cars to strengthen the brand’s appeal for retail customers. Ford has concentrated on recommending an official list of prices on medium and small cars from August‚ with similar action on Ford’s larger cars and SUV’s to follow in April. Before these prices go into effect‚ Ford will allow dealers to offer special promotions which will help mirror these lower prices in the future. With this pricing strategy‚ Ford is hoping to make
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Product distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. An organization or set of organizations (go-betweens) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user. The other three parts of the marketing mix are product‚ pricing‚ and promotion. The distribution channel Distribution is also a very important component of Logistics & Supply chain management. Distribution in supply chain management refers to
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When Who What 11/17/2004 Rob Seaman Original creation 11/22/2004 Ashish Kothari Updates 3/22/2006 Jonathan Fan Updates Table of Contents Revision History: 2 Table of Contents 3 What This Is 4 Whom to Contact 4 Dynamic Pricing Procedure 4 Steps 4 Step Details 7 1. Check Header Price List 7 2. Raise Expired Error 8 3. Raise Not Effective Error 8 4. Customizable Product Roll-Down 9 5. Get List Price 10 6. Get Root Price List Item Id 16 7. Split Unpriced Actions 17
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Lecture 2: Pricing by Arbitrage Readings: Ingersoll – Chapter 2 Dybvig & Ross – “Arbitrage‚” New Palgrave entry Ross – “A Simple Approach to the Valuation of Risky Streams‚” Journal of Business‚ 1978 Here we will take a first look at a financial market using a simple state space model. We first develop some structure then examine the implications of the absence of arbitrage. Often in finance problems‚ uncertainty is characterized by the use of a set of random variables with a particular
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