International relations (IR) is the study of relationships among countries‚ the roles of sovereign states‚ inter-governmental organizations (IGO)‚international non-governmental organizations (INGO)‚ non-governmental organizations (NGO)‚ and multinational corporations (MNC). International relations is an academic and a public policy field‚ and so can be positive and normative‚ because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State. As political activity‚ international relations dates
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ISSN 0021−3624/2012 $9.50 + 0.00 DOI 10.2753/JEI0021-3624460210 Global Imbalances and Financial Crisis: Financial Globalization as a Common Cause Yan Liang Abstract: Global imbalances and global financial instability are tightly connected and can be traced to a common cause‚ that is‚ financial globalization within the current monetary and financial system. The paper argues that financial globalization contributes to global imbalances by impeding real exchange adjustments‚ inducing export-led
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Important Global Cooperation Shirley Zhang University of San Francisco Important Global Cooperation There is a Chinese proverb that says‚ “One chopstick is easily broken‚ but ten pillars chopsticks firmly hold dough.” This reveals a simple rule that unity is much stronger than individuals‚ and if you do not want to be beaten‚ you should unite and cooperate against enemies together. This proverb can also be used internationally. Global cooperation is important to maintain economy‚ and improve
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Summary International Marketing Chapter 1 What to learn from chapter 1: * The internationalization of business and marketing * The globalization debate and the various meanings of “globalization” * The scope of the international marketing task * The importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) * The progression to becoming a global marketer * The increasing importance of global awareness and the strategic orientation of firms * The distinction among various terms
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by strategic planners in multinational organizations is to identify and assess different types of risks involved in the rapidly growing and changing global markets. The diverse and dynamic global environment includes a myriad of risks that need to be identified‚ and assessed to ensure survival and success. Management of risks embedded in the global business environment is a critical part of strategic planning and management process. "Failure to correctly identify and assess risks may result in market
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countries‚ the roles of sovereign states‚ inter-governmental organizations (IGO)‚ international non-governmental organizations (INGO)‚ non-governmental organizations (NGO)‚ and multinational corporations (MNC). International relations is an academic and a public policy field‚ and so can be positive and normative‚ because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State. As political activity‚ international relations dates from the time of the Greek historian Thucydides (ca. 460–395 BC)
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Globalization: Global marketing refers to a strategy for achieving one or more of four major categories of potential globalization benefits: cost reduction‚ improved quality of products and programs‚ enhanced customer preference‚ and increased competitive advantage on a global basis. Why Global Marketing is Imperative Saturation of Domestic Markets: the saturation of domestic markets in the industrialized parts of the world forced many companies to look for marketing opportunities beyond their
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What is international strategy? "An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market" (Hill 378). One of the primary reasons for implementing an international strategy (as opposed to a strategy focused on the domestic market) is that international markets yield potential new opportunities. Raymond Vernon captured the classic rationale for international diversification (Vernon 191). He suggested that‚ typically‚ a firm discovers an
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Insecurities vary significantly across countries and communities. Both their causes and expressions depend on a complex interaction of international‚ regional‚ national and local factors. The one way bilateral approach to achieving human security is a misconception and farfetched approach which is often less realistic and at times destructive. Multilateral approach has important implications for policy making as it accepts that human insecurities cannot be tackled in isolation through stand alone
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A ‘global mindset’ is the key to the success of any organization that wants to operate and succeed in the global market of today. just as a business primary goal is to increase profit by offering or selling a service‚ it cannot survive within itself by offering services that it perceives as good for its customers without taking into cognizance the peculiarities of the locality in which it is operating (Bartell & Ghoshal‚1989). However for the impact of a ‘global mindset ‘to be felt in an organization
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