under efficient operating conditions absorption costing all manufacturing costs are assigned to products: direct material‚ direct labour‚ variable and fixed manufacturing overhead acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of return‚ rate of return on assets
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effectiveness as well as long-term reduction in operation cost and improved relationship between police and communities. The challenge of high level of resource requirement can be addressed by proposing a multi-phased implementation strategy where implementation will be broken down into several phases to reduce the budget
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Disadvantages of Participative Budgeting Participative Budgeting is the situation in which budgets are designed and set after input from subordinate managers‚ instead of merely being imposed. The idea behind this sort of budgeting is to assign responsibility to subordinate managers and place a form of personal ownership on the final budget. Nearly two decades of management accounting research has resulted in equivocal findings on the consequences and effects of participative budgeting (Lindquist 1995). Participative
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Budgeting http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2004/h2r2/ch_3.asp Budgeting. Retrieved on February 17‚ 2009 at A major element of financial data activity rests in the act of budgeting. Budgeting is the process of allocating finite resources to the prioritized needs of an organization. In most cases‚ for a governmental entity‚ the budget represents the legal authority to spend money. Adoption of a budget implies that a set of decisions has been made that culminates matching resources with needs. As such‚ the
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Structure Setting and Adjustment | Definition | A pay structure is a collection of pay rates or pay ranges.Structure setting and adjustment is the process of developing‚ adjusting‚ and maintaining a pay structure. | Purpose | Pay structures are used to help organizations: * maintain pay levels that are competitive with the external labor market‚ * maintain internal pay relationships among jobs‚ * recognize and reward differences in level of responsibility‚ skill‚ and performance‚ and
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Medicaid is funded both by the federal government and the state government. The federal government pays a certain percentage (FMAP) which is based on the per capita income or the average income per person. Additionally‚ these percentages are adjusted for each state on a three-year cycle to account for fluctuations in the economy‚ such as recessions (Medicaid.gov). If Missouri’s Medicaid were to be switched to a block-granting program that would mean that rather than the federal government paying
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Quality Cost 1 Quality is defined from the customer´s point of view l Performance l Performance or the primary operating characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a car‚ it is speed‚ handling‚ and acceleration. For a restaurant‚ it is good food. l Features l Features or the secondary characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a TV‚ it is an automatic tuner. For a restaurant‚ it is linen table cloths and napkins . l Reliability l Reliability
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The Capital Budget Instructor: Dr. Joseph McCue Public Budgeting and Finance - PAD 505 August 11‚ 2013 The Oklahoma City budget includes the addition of 40 new police officer positions‚ bringing the total number of uniform police positions to 1‚116. Eleven more positions were added in other City departments. Total City positions will increase 1.1 percent to 4‚580. The budget also includes an additional $1 million for METRO Transit bus service enhancements. The City hired
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5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following page. Complete the table and check your calculations by referring to question 4 at the end of Chapter 23. 1. Graph total fixed cost‚ total variable cost‚ and total cost. Explain how the law of diminishing returns influences the shapes of the variable-cost and total-cost curves Graph AFC‚ AVC‚ ATC‚ and MC. Explain the derivation and shape of each
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Define traditional budgeting Traditional budget is a type of budget which uses the income and expenses from the previous year or month to predict the next month or year ’s budget. A traditional budget is easy to create since it is meant to predict a future period of finances in relation to the previous period. In most cases though‚ the traditional budget usually ends up being too rigid. http://blog.trginternational.com/trg-in-the-board-room/bid/162036/Traditional-budgeting-approach-advantages-and-disadvantages
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