Solution to Chapter 8: Budgeting for Planning and Controlling ___________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 8 QUESTIONS FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION 1. Budgets are the quantitative expressions of plans. Budgets are used to translate the goals and strategies of an organization into operational terms. 2. Control is the process of setting standards‚ receiving feedback on actual performance‚ and taking corrective action whenever actual performance deviates from planned performance
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The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company: capital structure‚ valuation‚ and cost of capital Teaching Note Synopsis In June 2002‚ a managing director of an active-investor hedge fund was considering the possible gains from increasing the debt capitalization of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Wrigley had been conservatively financed and at the date of the case‚ carried no debt. The tasks for the student are to: Estimate the potential change in value from relevering Wrigley using adjusted present value analysis
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Carol Stotts PPA 603: Public Budgeting System Public Budgeting Professor Gillen November 12‚ 2012 Explain the philosophy of public finance. The philosophy of public finance is based on raising funds for public purposes. The writer maintains that public finance may also be defined as a science because (1) it deals with a definite and limited field of human knowledge. (2) It admits of an orderly arrangement of its facts and principles‚ and contains many laws of general
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ 14th Edition Horngren‚ Datar and Rajan Check Figures for Exercises and Problems Chapter 2. An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes 2-16 1. S‚ $1.1856 D‚ $1.0213 R‚ $0.6400 2-17 1. yeast D/V‚ flour D/V‚ pkg D or I/V‚ dep ov I/F or V‚ dep mix I/F or V‚ rent I/F‚ ins I/F‚ fact util I/F and V‚ fin labor D/V or F‚ mix mgr I/F‚ matl hand I/F or V‚ cust I/F‚ guard I/F‚ mach I/F or V‚ mach maint I/F or V‚ maint sup I/V‚ clean sup I/F. 2. Dep. M&M‚ MDM‚ MH‚ Mac.
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Budget Budget is the major financial and economic statement. The role of the budget is to keep track of the money coming in and the money going out. It is essential part of running any business effectively. It can help make a short and long term projections about financial situation‚ avert a financial crisis and plan for major financial changes. The company has to be able judge its spending performance. Does not matter what type of company it is‚ the ability to measure performance using budgets
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Chapter 6 Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships Solutions to Questions 6-1 The contribution margin (CM) ratio is the ratio of the total contribution margin to total sales revenue. It can be used in a variety of ways. For example‚ the change in total contribution margin from a given change in total sales revenue can be estimated by multiplying the change in total sales revenue by the CM ratio. If fixed costs do not change‚ then a dollar increase in contribution margin will result in a dollar
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along with the further clarification on the cost of capital using DCF approach. The cost of capital is a term used in the field of financial investment to refer to the cost of a company’s funds‚ both debt and equity‚ or from an investors’ point of view‚ the shareholders required return on a portfolio of a company’s existing securities. It is used to evaluate new projects of a company as it is the minimum return that investors expect for providing capital to the company‚ thus setting a benchmark that
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"A budget is a plan." More specifically‚ a budget is a plan of action matched by resources required to implement the plan. Budgets generally divide between two broad categories: the operating budget‚ sometimes known as the "expense" budget and the capital budget. Budget in simple word means a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose. Budget is there in everyone’s life‚ it may be a small or a big one. Budget is a tool which helps in controlling and planning the functions of an organization. It
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ones at the top of the economic‚ social and political food chain‚ knew a little more about global geography‚ culture and customs of faraway countries‚ many problems could be avoided. People’s global knowledge is fragmentary‚ but geography might be the key linking everything together. Many past or present conflicts‚ tensions or global crisis‚ result from clear differences‚ but are
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individuals‚ between net income for tax purposes and taxable income. 2. Explain the difference between an allowable capital loss and a net capital loss. 3. Describe the tax treatment of net capital losses. 4. Explain how a non-capital loss is created and how it is treated for tax purposes. 5. Is it always worthwhile to utilize a net capital loss or a non-capital loss as soon as the opportunity arises? Explain. 6. Is it possible for taxpayers to pay tax on more income than
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