References: Abbate‚M.‚ Remuzzi‚G. and Zoja‚C. (2008) Role of Proteinuria in Progression. Seldin and Giebisch ’s The Kidney‚ 4‚ 2563-2576. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed: 2 May 2011] Adamczak‚M. and Ritz‚E. (2008) Role of Glomerular Pressure in progression. The Kidney‚ 4‚ 2537-2561. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed: 4 May 2011]. Arora‚ P. and Batuman‚ V. (2001) Chronic Renal Failure. Seminar Nephrology‚ 21(2)‚ 146 – 156. [Online]. Available at:
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| The active ingredients in gastric juice are Answer | | Selected Answer: | pepsin and hydrochloric acid | | Question 2 1 out of 1 points | | | The adjective hepatic refers to the Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | liver | | | | | Question 3 1 out of 1 points | | | Select the term from the second column that best applies to each item in the first column and write the appropriate letter in the blank. Answer | | | | | Question | Selected
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Muscle Metabolism 5. CV Sys.: Cardiac Cycle; Measuring Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output 6. Immune Sys.: Innate Host Defenses; Humoral Immunity; Cellular Immunity 7. Respiratory Sys.: Gas Exchange‚ Pulmonary Ventilation 8. Urinary Sys.: Glomerular Filtration; Early Filtrate Processing; Late Filtrate Processing 9. Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid Base Balance: Body Fluids; Water Homeostasis; Elec. Homeostasis The Nervous System: The Action Potential 1. a. The action potential changes the membrane
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Renal failure can be caused by many different factors. Something that would cause a failure would be impaired blood flow to the kidney. Ways this could happen could be: blood or fluid loss blood pressure medications‚ heart attack‚ heart disease‚ infection‚ liver failure‚ use of aspirin‚ ibuprofen (Advil‚ Motrin IB‚ others)‚ naproxen (Aleve‚ others) or related drugs‚ severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)‚ severe burns‚ or severe dehydration. Another way renal failure could occur is if there is direct
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organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs. The process of urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three processes: glomerular filtration‚ tubular reabsorption‚ and tubular secretion. The first part of the process of urine formation occurs in the glomeruli which act as filters‚ allowing water‚ glucose‚ salt and waste materials to pass through to the Bowman’s capsule but preventing
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abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests” GFR < 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 for three months or more‚ with or without kidney damage National Kidney Foundation‚ 2004 Renal Drug Clearance • Glomerular Filtration • Tubular Secretion • Tubular Re-absorption - 20-25% Cardiac output or 1.1L/min goes to kidneys - 10% of it is filtered at glomerulus - Normal GFR is 120 ml/min for a 70kg‚ 20 year old man Verbeeck RK‚ et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2009)
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What will Mrs. Joaquin’s protein requirements be when she begins hemodialysis? What standard guidelines have you used to make these recommendations? Mrs. Joaquin’s protein requirements will increase to 1.2 g/kg once she begins hemodialysis. 1.2 x 66.4=80 g of protein According to Mrs. Joaquin’s edema-free weight‚ she should be receiving approximately 80 grams of protein a day. This will ensure that she is receiving adequate amounts of protein to prevent muscle wasting. Low-protein diets are associated
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Additionally the hormones involved in the rennin angiotension system work to increase cardiac output by decreasing glomerular filtration and fluid retention (Huether & McCance‚ 2012). A.O’s recent pedal edema likely implicates that her left-sided heart failure has caused right-sided heart failure. Left -sided heart failure can create right sided-heart failure after an increase
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Variables Affecting Urine Output and Solute Concentration BIOL 204 505 Anatomy and Physiology II Author: Lab Partners: November 29‚ 2013 Purpose Three experiments were performed to determine the effect on Specific Gravity‚ NaCl Concentrations and Urine Output with the variables consisting of consuming water‚ salty chips‚ sports drink‚ diet and regular soda‚ and a control group which consumed nothing. Results Baseline Values and Chemstick Analysis Observation/Test Normal
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a 10-year old patient would be clinically significant and suggest some degree of renal impairment‚ even though both measurements may be within acceptable limits for patient age. Serum creatinine concentration may not become abnormal until glomerular filtration
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