Homeostasis is the maintenance of a steady state. With changes within and around living cells‚ conditions are maintained at a constant level. The ‘two major control systems‚ nerves and hormones‚ are mainly responsible for co-ordinating homeostatic mechanisms’ (Human Body) whilst using feedback. If a change in condition is detected a corrective mechanism is activated‚ conditions return to set point and the corrective mechanism is then switched off. The conditions are then at constant level. Some of
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often presents with a "subtle" clinical presentation (Buttaro‚ Tybulski‚ Polgar Bailey‚ & Sandberg-Cook‚ 2013‚ p. 766). Therefore‚ clinicians need to be aware of the risk factors for CKD and screen patients who present with such factors that place them at risk for this condition. This paper will review the clinical presentation‚ diagnosis‚ patient history‚ physical exam‚ and diagnostics associated with the recognition of CKD. Treatment options will be discussed with
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Chris Jostad NRS 111 4/4/13 Case Study 76 1. * Fasting glucose: 184 mg/dL-above 99 mg/dL suspected diabetes mellitus among other etiologies * HbA1C: 8.8%-The American College of Endocrinology recommends and A1C less than 6.5%. An A1C of 8.8% would also indicate diabetes mellitus. * Total cholesterol: 256 mg/dL-total cholesterol above 200 mg/dL could indicate uncontrolled diabetes * Triglycerides: 346 mg/dL-levels above 150 indicate diabetes mellitus * LDL: 155 mg/dL-Increased
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The following are examples of frequently missed questions from the unit exams. The questions are similar in theme to the ones missed however were taken from blackboard and are not exactly worded like the exam questions. They are meant to act as a study guide only. Please do not have the misconception that these questions will be the exact questions on the final. What you should do is to use these questions as a guide and to research not only why the answer is correct but also why the other answers
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fluctuations in the creatinine production and fluid balance. A study conducted by Jelliffe et al. (2002) found that in AKI‚ the function of the kidney is in non-steady state. Hence‚ the Jelliffe equation was created in order to estimate the glomerular filtration rate in this non-steady-state kidney function. In the year of 2002‚ Jelliffe has published an equation to estimate the unstable kidney function of the patients.
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Histology Review Supplement The slides in this section are designed to provide a basic histology review related to topics introduced in the PhysioEx lab simulations and in your anatomy and physiology textbook. From the PhysioEx main menu‚ select Histology Tutorial. The opening screen should appear after a few seconds. The Sort by menu is located at the top left. Click on the white drop-down menu and select “Histology Review” from the list. You will note that the slides in the histology module are
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What product is secreted by the encircled cells? A) saliva B) testosterone C) sperm D) sebum E) sweat 3. What process occurs in the region of the structure indicated by the “star”? A) Absorption B) Secretion C) Diffusion D) Filtration E) Neurotransmission 4. Identify the encircled structure. A) Primordial follicle B) Primary follicle C) Secondary follicle D) Graafian follicle E) None of the above 5. All of the following are true regarding the cells marked by the arrows except:
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Maternal mortality due to sepsis is worryingly increasing through developed and developing countries. This is despite a worldwide effort towards reducing maternal death‚ maternal sepsis during pregnancy remains one of the worlds leading causes of preventable maternal death. In developed countries 3% of all maternal mortality is due to sepsis‚ whilst that figure jumps to 12% in developing countries. Pregnancy affected by severe sepsis or septci shock‚ run the risk of pre-term labour‚ fetal infect
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with respect to the relative contribution of the dissimilar salicylate metabolic pathways. Urinary excretion of an unchanged salicylate accounts for 10% of the full elimination of the salicylate. Elimination of a salicylate is the result of glomerular filtration‚ active proximal tubular secretion through the organic acid transporters and passive tubular reabsorption. Urinary elimination is clearly pH dependent and as the urinary pH rises from 5 to 8. The amount of free ionised salicylate eliminated
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Case Study Mr. X In the case of Mr. X‚ there are 7 questions that are asked to determine the cause of his hyperkalemia. What is known is this is a 34-year-old Hispanic male‚ complains of left leg pain since yesterday‚ c/o some chills‚ nausea‚ vomiting‚ shortness of breath. Diagnosed with chronic kidney disease four years ago‚ and HIV five years ago‚ medications include antiretroviral therapy‚ CD4- unknown at this time. Patient no longer produces urine and was last dialyzed five days ago. Listed
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