How water is purified in water treatment plants Pre-treatment 1. Pumping and containment – The majority of water must be pumped from its source or directed into pipes or holding tanks. To avoid adding contaminants to the water‚ this physical infrastructure must be made from appropriate materials and constructed so that accidental contamination does not occur. 2. Screening (see also screen filter) – The first step in purifying surface water is to remove large debris such as sticks‚ leaves
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temperatures dropped or increased during filtrations. For each solution‚ two portion of 25.00±0.03 mL were pipetted into two 250-mL conical flasks and titrated with 0.07274 M of NaOH solution respectively with phenolphthalein as indicator. The temperatures of the KHT solutions and the corresponding volumes of NaOH solution used for titration are shown in Table 1. For each row‚ the temperature is the average of the temperatures immediately before and after the filtration‚ and the volume is the average of
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to dry for one week‚ residual moisture was still present in the sample and a melting point could not be obtained. This error in the experiment either resulted from adding too much water or not allowing the product to remain in the Hirsch vacuum filtration for long enough to sufficiently dry. Introduction Redox reactions are an important class of reactions in organic chemistry that involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. This experiment focused on an oxidation reaction.
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Water from the dam is screened by removing large contaminants. E.g.: Fallen Trees. Sedimentation: Allowing floc particles to settle out to form a sludge‚ which can be removed from settling tanks periodically. Filtration: Water from the settling tanks is piped to filtration tanks to be filtered. The water at this stage should be clear. Chemical Processes: Aeration: The screened water is then sprayed into the air to increase oxygen levels so that iron salt becomes oxidised and forms
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BROWNIAN MOTION 1. I NTRODUCTION 1.1. Wiener Process: Definition. Definition 1. A standard (one-dimensional) Wiener process (also called Brownian motion) is a stochastic process {Wt }t≥0+ indexed by nonnegative real numbers t with the following properties: (1) (2) (3) (4) W0 = 0. With probability 1‚ the function t → Wt is continuous in t. The process {Wt }t≥0 has stationary‚ independent increments. The increment Wt+s − Ws has the N ORMAL(0‚ t) distribution. A Wiener process with
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Abstract Chemically active extraction was used to separate two unknown compounds from each other and to determine what compound class each compound belongs. The solid unknown was purified by recrystallization and its melting point range was determined to be 109-111°C. The liquid unknown was purified by simple distillation and its boiling point was determined to be 95°C. An IR spectrum was collected for each of the purified compounds; the solid was determined to be 3-toluic acid and the liquid was
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want to vomit. The examining physician suspects that he has renal calculi. How do renal calculi form‚ how are they diagnosed and what complications might arise if Mr Jagger remains untreated? Renal calculi‚ also known as kidney stones‚ occur when glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron‚ where urine is concentrated with stone-forming salts (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Ions in the urine are capable of forming solid salts that can grow into stones (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Through the process of crystallization
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Dana Erika Domingo III – St. Anne STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER A CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROjECT ANSHUL KUMAR PANDEY XII B [THIS PROJECT LOOKS AT THE TECHNIQUE CALLED STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER WHICH IS USED TO PURIFY WATER AND MAKES IT FIT FOR DRINKING.] INDEX I. Introduction -Need of Water -Purification of Water -Need for a stable purification technique II. Theory -History of Water purification -Bleaching powder
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adduct of the unknown Conjugated diene in eucalyptus oil‚ to separate the adduct‚ and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of it¡¯s adduct. Introduction: This experiment was performed using techniques of heating under reflux‚ vacuum filtration‚ recrystallization‚ and melting point measurements. These techniques were used to separate the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in eucalyptus oil and identify the diene. Dienes contribute to the characteristic flavors and aromas
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BROMINATION OF ACETANILIDE OBJECTIVE Aim of the experiment was too brominate acetaldehyde to form p-bromoacetanilide. INTRODUCTION Acetanilide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of C6H5NH(COCH3). It is a crystalline solid that is prepared by acetylation of analine and is widely used in the dye industry. This crystalline solid is an odourless solid chemical that has a flake or leaf like appearance. It is also known as N phenylacetamide‚ acetanil or acetanilide. Its former
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