The reaction between alpha-amino acid and ninhydrin involved in the development of color are described by the following five mechanistic steps: alpha-amino acid + ninhydrin ---> reduced ninhydrin + alpha-amino acid + H2O alpha-amino acid + H2O ---> alpha-keto acid +NH3 alpha-keto acid + NH3 ---> aldehyde + CO2 Step (1) is an oxidative deamination reaction that removes two hydrogen from the alpha-amino acid to yield an alpha-imino acid. Simultaneously‚ the original ninhydrin is reduced
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identify an unknown amino acid. IntroductionAmino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form proteins. Amino acids play a key cellular role in structure and function. Proteins themselves participate in nearly every physiological event in the cell. Since all amino acids contain at least one amino and one carboxyl group‚ they are classified as amphoteric substances (meaning that they can act as either an acid or as a base) (1). Treating the zwitterion with acid will result an addition
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CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 5.1. Water quality The average water temperature and average dissolved oxygen obtained during the experiment has been reported as the optimum range (3-10mg/l) for tilapia growth and yields (Meske‚ 1985). Siddiqui et al. (1989) stated that Oreochromis mossambicus has a low oxygen demand and can survive at low oxygen levels (1-2mg/l). Riche and Garling (2003) reported that dissolved oxygen levels should be maintained above 4.9 mg/l for best growth. The water quality tolerance
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Also known as: ethanoic acid‚ Glacial acetic acid‚ Ethylic acid‚ Vinegar acid‚ Acetic acid‚ glacial‚ Methanecarboxylic acid‚ Acetasol‚ Essigsaeure Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight: 60.05196 Acetic acid is a weak acid which is probably most famous for being the primary acid in vinegar. In fact‚ acetic acid has a wide range of uses beyond sprinkling on salads‚ and it is produced in large volumes all over the world. People have been working with this acid in a number of contexts for
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which four amino acids‚ histidine‚ lysine‚ glutamine‚ and glutamic acid‚ are identified based on their titration behavior. Solutions of each unknown amino acid are made and the change in pH upon adding small amounts of NaOH aliquots of a strong base are monitored. The amino acids are identified using the information represented by the titration curves. The titration curves include the following information: isoelectric points‚ pKas‚ buffering regions and the structures of the amino acids. The results
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Protein synthesis occurs in two steps : Transcription and Translation. Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA copy of a DNA template; the mRNA is then translated into protein. The Messenger RNA (mRNA) contains the genetic information is copied from DNA during transcription . During translation‚ ribosomes synthesize the proteins using the mRNA copy produced during transcription. Proteins are complex molecules that each has a very unique shape‚ structure and function. The shape of the
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BUTYL STERS PEPTIDEYNTHESIS E IN S g roup occupies t he same position of the peptide chain in both mercaptalbumin and non-mercaptalbumin. 3359 Acknowledgments.-The authors are grateful to Mrs. J . O’Brien and Mr. 0. Griffith for their technical assistance. [ CONTRIBUTION T HE O RCAXIC FROM CHEMICAL RESEARCH SECTION‚ LEDERLE LABORATORIES v r s r o x ‚ MERICAN VASAMID U~ A C R Co.‚ PBARLIVER‚X. Y . ] &Butyl Esters of Amino Acids and Peptides and their Use in Peptide Synthesis1
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hypothesis. The spectrophotometer readings in our experiment measured the absorbance of 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid‚ a colored molecule formed after dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) has reacted with the products of the enzymatic reaction or the simple sugars. Therefore‚ the absorbance readings correspond to the concentration of the simple sugars produced by the reaction. In the end‚ the concentration of simple sugars indicated the reaction rate‚ as time was controlled to four minutes. Enzymes function
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the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA template strand that uses uracil opposite to adenine. The RNA polymerase which is an enzyme that moves from the 3’ to 5’end on DNA template strand to synthesis mRNA from 5’ to 3’. b. What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation of the mRNA sequence?
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experiment was to compare how side chains alter the ionizability of our three amino acids: alanine‚ aspartic acid‚ and cysteine. More specifically‚ we wanted to observe how a thiol group and a carboxyl group affected the ionizability of the rest of the amino acid. Because alanine contains a single methyl group on its side chain‚ we can easily compare the functional groups of aspartic acid and cysteine to it because both aspartic acid and cysteine start their side chains with a methylene group and then go
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