The degradation of cholesterol by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 10590 under aerobic conditions. 1. R W Owen‚ 2. A N Mason and 3. R F Bilton ABSTRACT The metabolic pathway of cholesterol degradation by bacteria has not been completely established. Several possible intermediates have not been identified and many pathway delineations have not involved the use of the cholesterol molecule per se and just one bacterial species. The bacterial degradation of cholesterol by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB
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What is metabolism? All living things must have an unceasing supply of energy and matter. The transformation of this energy and matter within the body is called metabolism. Metabolism includes two different types: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is destructive metabolism. Typically‚ in catabolism‚ larger organic molecules are broken down into smaller constituents. This usually occurs with the release of energy. Anabolism is constructive metabolism. Typically‚ in anabolism‚ small precursor
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occur in the Krebs cycle. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of a mitochondria. The enzymes used during the Krebs cycle are found within the mitochondrial matrix excluding succinate dehydrogenase‚ which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protein complexes located in the inner membrane perform the transfer and the gradual release of energy is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. Some components
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Alcohol and the Liver People in today’s society should be more cautious and aware of the adverse side effects that come with the lifestyle decisions they choose to make. Alcohol is one of those significant lifestyle choices that people should consider the consequences of when deciding to use it. There are three general classes that are in relation to alcohol: beers‚ wines‚ and spirits. Several alcoholic beverages are extremely popular; however the most consumed is beer. It has been around as far
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Summary What Makes an Alcoholic Beverage? • Drinkable alcohol is obtained from the fermentation of sugar in some natural products such as grapes‚ apples‚ honey‚ or molasses. The result is some form of wine. • Beer is obtained from barley‚ after the starch has first been converted into sugar‚ fermented along with other grains and hops‚ and aged. • To obtain very strong alcoholic beverages‚ it is necessary to boil the fermented liquid and condense it later ~--bfcooling. This process‚ called distillation
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of the agent in causing death of cells can be deduced‚ through the production of a dose-response curve. Solutions of MTT solubilized in tissue culture media or balanced salt solutions‚ without phenol red‚ are yellowish in color. Mitochondrial dehydrogenases of viable cells cleave the tetrazolium ring‚ yielding purple MTT formazan crystals which are insoluble in aqueous solutions. The crystals can be dissolved in acidified isopropanol. The resulting purple solution is spectrophotometrically measured
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Postulated that acyclovir is metabolized by the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme to acyclovir aldehyde‚ which is metabolized by the aldehyde dehydrognase 2 (ALDH2) enzyme to 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG). Hypothesized that acyclovir aldehyde plays a role in acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity. Human renal proximal
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at this stage in cellular respiration‚ which is derived from from a B vitamin called pantothenic acid. During the transitional between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle‚ pyruvic acid begins to prepare for entry into the cycle. The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase‚ changes pyruvic acid to a 2-carbon fragment called an acetyl group by removing a carbon dioxide molecule. Decarboxylation is the substance that causes the loss of a carbon dioxide molecule. In cellular respiration this is the first action that
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Primary Source Review #1 Title: Age-associated decreased activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes in heart and skeletal muscle: role of L-carnitine Authors: Kumaran S.‚ Subathra M.‚ Balu M.‚ Panneerselvam C. Journal: Chemo-Biological Interactions Vol. 148 Pgs. 11-18 Date: 2004 Instructions: You may work together on this assignment and turn it in as a group or individually. You will need to use resources such as the internet in addition to your textbook and the article
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glycolytic intermediate‚ Fructose 1‚6‚ Bisphosphate (FBP) can be assayed by a series of coupled enzymic reactions; FBP —> GAP + DHAP (aldolase) GAP —> DHAP (Triose phosphate isomerise) 2DHAP + 2NADH + 2H+ —> 2 G-3-P + 2NAD+ (glycerophosphate dehydrogenase) When 20μl of a solution containing FBP was added to a cuvette‚ containing the required substrates and enzymes in excess‚ to give a total volume of 1ml.‚ the absorbance at 340nm dropped from 2.5 to 0.6 absorbance units. You can assume all reactions
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