Chapter 15 Signal Transduction 1) Endocrine‚ paracrine ‚ autocrine signaling‚ and cell-cell contact (Fig. 15-2). Endocrine signaling is long distance signaling. An example would be pancreatic cells secreting insulin. Paracrine signaling is for close proximity. An example would be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached
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There are two forms of homeostasis‚ positive feedback and negative feedback. The type of feedback which is most common is negative feedback. This works by making the levels that have changed return back to normal. Positive feedback is the least common type of feedback. This is where one component escalates to another which continues to escalate to another. In positive feedback the level of control the component does not return to normal straight away. Negative feedback is usually what happens inside
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ganiceWorksheet 3: Organic molecules This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates‚ fats ( lipids )‚ proteins and nucleic acids. A) Web site name: Florida State College Jacksonville Web URL: http://web.fscj.edu/David.Byres/foodfiles.htm Read “Carbohydrates” 1) What does the body use carbohydrates for? One of the main jobs of carbohydrates is to provide fuel for the body to do its job. So if we want to run or walk somewhere or play sports or even
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Module 2.1: Biological Molecules * State the functions of biological molecules in organisms Carbohydrates – energy storage and supply‚ structure (in some organisms) Proteins – Structure‚ transport‚ enzymes‚ antibodies‚ most hormones Lipids – Membranes‚ energy supply‚ thermal insulation‚ protective layers/padding‚ electrical insulation in neurones‚ some hormones Vitamins and minerals – From parts of some larger molecules and take part in some metabolic reactions‚ some act as coenzymes or
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TOMINO s.‚ CHINO H. (1980) Purification and molecular properties of vitellin from the silkworm‚ Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem.‚ 10:199-208. Katagiri N.‚ Ando O.‚ Yamashita O. (1998) Reduction of glycogen in eggs of the silkworm‚ Bombyx mori‚ by use of a trehalase inhibitor‚ trehazolin‚ and diapause induction in glycogen-reduced eggs‚ J. Insect Physiol.‚ 44(12):1205-1212. Katsumata F Kubota I.‚ Isobe M.‚ Goto T.‚ Hasegawa K. (1976) Molecular size of the diapause hormone of the silkworm‚ Z Naturforsch‚ 31(3-4):132-134
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During the last decade‚ Americans have been trying to loose weight through various weight loss programs. A specific program that endured ridicule since the early 70’s‚ but has finally been approved as an effective diet‚ which is the Atkins Diet‚ by Robert C. Atkins‚ a cardiologist who spoke highly on the dangers of sugar and carbs. Dr. Atkins had been called names by peers and even brought before a senate committee‚ but he refused to go unheard. The Atkins Diet is a high protein diet‚ with a restriction
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for maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose. The activity of G6P is enhanced during diabetes [31]. The dearrangement in carbohydrate metabolism results in impaired glucose homeostasis leading to hyperglycaemia. WSREt and WSLEt replenished liver glycogen stores and suppressed the hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing activity of G6P. This result is accordance with the report of Bhavapriya et al. [32]‚ in that the increased G6P activity is reversed by Aavirai kudineer (a herbal formulation) in diabetic
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Some primary functions of the liver are: Bile productions and excretion‚ Excretion of‚ cholesterol‚ hormones‚ and drugs. The liver also Metabolizes fats‚ proteins‚ and carbohydrates‚ and Stores glycogen‚ vitamins‚ and minerals. The liver turns most of the sugar you consume into chemicals known as glycogen or dextrose that can be used by the body as a main source of energy. The liver has 4 unequally divided sections‚ known as lobes. The internal structure of the liver is made of around 100‚000 small
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The endocrine system is one of our body systems that plays an important role in living. It comprises of many glands exerting hormones in maintaining the body’s internal environment also known as homeostasis. The endocrine system plays an important role in homeostasis because it maintains growth and development‚ maturation‚ reproduction‚ human behavior‚ metabolism‚ sexual function and controls functions of the tissues. It is partnered with the nervous system since the hypothalamus along with the pineal
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Alpha amylase is an enzyme that aids in the breakdown of starch and glycogen to form glucose and maltose through the hydrolyses of alpha linked polysaccharides1. Starch is a complex carbon and is the main energy storage material found in plants and some bacteria. It is a major component of food as it supplies plants with energy and carbon. Starch consists of two types of polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin1.The properties of starch can depend on the number of alpha 1‚4 glycosidic bonds
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