of a cell is glycolysis. Glycolysis will transfer electron (reduction) to NAD+‚ forming NADH. However‚ during lactic acid fermentation‚ the supply of NAD+ is limited in a cell. For glycolysis to continue‚ NADH must be oxidized (gives away electron) to regenerate the NAD+. This is done through an electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation in a condition that there is the presence of oxygen. NADH will donate the extra electrons to the pyruvate molecules during glycolysis. Since the NADH
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Concepts After completing the readings and practice exercises‚ students should be able to: Describe the two mechanisms of ATP synthesis. Describe the location‚ steps‚ and inputs and products of: glycolysis the oxidation of pyruvate the Krebs cycle Calculate the energy yield from glycolysis. Explain the fate of the electrons produced by the Krebs cycle. Describe the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Understand how the proton gradient connects electron transport with
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This system works to perform anaerobic glycolysis to create ATP. The main fuel source for this system is glucose/glycogen. We store glucose in our muscles as glycogen and this is then used to create ATP. When glucose/glycogen is broken down by anaerobic glycolysis the end product is pyruvate/pyruvic acid. As there is no oxygen available the pyruvate joins with the surrounding hydrogen atoms to become
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present. Where oxygen is not present‚ anaerobic respiration occurs. Both types of respiration begin with one stage‚ glycolysis‚ which is also called the common pathway (as both aerobic and anaerobic use it). Under aerobic conditions‚ there are a further three key stages wh ich you will meet in this chapter. Under anaerobic conditions‚ there is only an extension on the glycolysis pathway which you will again meet later. Enzymes and coenzymes During respiration
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AVIATION HIGH SCHOOL | ENERGY | Energy Systems and its Production | | Alan Antony | 8/21/2012 | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the usable form of chemical energy for muscular activity. It is stored in most cells‚ particularly in muscle cells. Other forms of chemical energy‚ such as that available from the foods we eat‚ must be transferred into ATP form before they can be utilized by the muscle cells. | Since energy is released when ATP is broken down‚ energy is required to rebuild
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In bio lab‚ my lab partners and I did a lab experiment involving yeast fermentation. Fermentation is an anaerobic process to regenerate NAD+ to keep glycolysis active. Yeast preforms ethanol fermentation which create ethanol and NAD+. The class used six different types of sugars to determine which fuels fermentation by measuring the amount the carbon dioxide bubbles produced by the yeast. Yeast are single-cell fungi that cannot make their own food. They take the sugars in the surrounding environment
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Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain Glycolysis does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain both require oxygen. • Aerobic pathways are processes that require oxygen. • Anaerobic pathways are processes that occur without oxygen.
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Collects energy that will be turned into ATP during the Electron Transportation Chain. Stages of ATP Production: • Glycolysis: In glycolysis‚ glucose (a six carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar. These 2 molecules are call Pyruvate. Glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH . In the presence of oxygen‚ glycolysis is the first stage of Aerobic Cellular Respiration. Without oxygen‚ it is called Anaerobic Cellular Respiration. Stages
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respiration. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP (adenosine triphosphates). 3.7.2 State that‚ in cell respiration‚ glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate‚ with a small yield of ATP. Glycolysis in cytoplasm: Glucose 2 pyruvates + small amount of ATP (does not use oxygen) 3.7.3 Explain that‚ during anaerobic cell respiration‚ pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate‚ or ethanol and carbon
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Activity 9.1 A Quick Review of Energy Transformations Review Chapter 8 and pages 160–162 of Chapter 9 in Biology‚ 7th edition. Then complete the discussion by supplying or choosing the appropriate terms. To maintain life‚ organisms must be able to convert energy from one form to another. For example‚ in the process of photosynthesis‚ algae‚ plants‚ and photosynthetic prokaryotes use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen (a waste product). The summary
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