INTRODUCTION Lactic Acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH (OH) COOH. Lactic is one of the types of fermentation which occur under anaerobic respiration to produce ATP without the use of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration takes place in certain prokaryotic organisms that have an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) but do not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor at the end of the chain (Campbell et all‚ 2015) different with the aerobic respiration which use oxygen to produce ATP and its final
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your paper: · For photosynthesis‚ include a summary of the events in: o The Light Dependent Reaction o The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction) · For cellular respiration‚ include a summary of the events in: o Glycolysis o Krebs Citric Acid Cycle o The Electron Transport Chain · Examine the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. · Write the general formula for photosynthesis. o Write the general formula for cellular
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through this process. While on the other hand substrate level phosphorylation is the transfer of a phosphate group from one chemical (the substrate) onto ADP to generate ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells as part of glycolysis and in mitochondria as part of the Krebs Cycle under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference between oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation? Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy
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Chapter 5 The Working Cell Energy • Capacity to do work • Types of energy – – – – Kinetic energy – energy of motion Potential energy – stored energy Thermal energy - heat Chemical energy - potential energy of molecules • Thermodynamics – Study of energy Oxidation-Reduction Reactions • When an atom or molecule loses an electron‚ it is said to be oxidized – process called oxidation • When an atom or molecule gains an electron‚ it is said to be reduced – process called reduction
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act as facultative anaerobes. This means that yeast is able to produce ATP by aerobic respiration while oxygen is present‚ but are also capable of anaerobic respiration if oxygen is not available. This is called fermentation. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. The type of anaerobic respiration used is alcohol fermentation‚ which produces ethanol.
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Strength Training Concepts in Rehabilitation Muscle Physiology Physiological changes of training Testing - Evaluation Strength training concepts Return to function - Core Muscles Muscle Physiology Muscle Structure Fiber Type Muscle Contraction Energy Systems Force of Contraction Physiologic changes of training Skeletal Muscle Structure Motor Unit Mitochondria produce energy ATP Sarcolemma muscle fibers membrane Sarcomere contractile unit of
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Muscle adaptations to the increase in energy demands at the start of exercise Introduction The transition from rest to exercise is associated with a huge upsurge in energy expenditure‚ due primarily to skeletal muscle contractions (Connett & Sahlin‚ 1996). Contractions require energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). ATP stores in muscle are around 8mmol/l and are exhausted within 2s of exercise (Connett & Sahlin‚ 1996). To continue exercise and maintain ATP homeostasis‚ ATP
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Kerr Chapter 7 Section 2 I. Aerobic Respiration a. Overview of aerobic 1. Aerobic respiration has two major stages; the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain. 2. In the Krebs cycle‚ the oxidation of glucose that began with glycolysis is completed. 3. In the electron transport chain‚ NADH is use to make ATP. 4. In prokaryotes the reactions take place in the cytoeol. 5. In eukaryotes the reactions take place in the mitochondria. 6. The mitochondrial matrix is the
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available or absent Aerobic respiration is the main process of energy production and begins with the first step: glycolysis‚ which is the breaking down of glucose within the cytoplasm in order to form pyruvate. Each molecule of glucose produces two pyruvate molecules. The main reason for oxygen is due to the oxidization of pyruvate from glycolysis.
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Chapter 7: Carbohydrates I. Carbohydrates A. Most abundant organic molecule in nature a) 3 major classes: Monosaccharides – simple sugar – polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone; represent individual sugar Oligosaccharides – consist of short chains of monosaccharide units joined together by covalent bonds; 2-10 strings of sugar Polysaccharides – long chains having hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units b) Functions: Provide energy thru oxidation – glucose oxidized for energy Supply carbon
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