MOLECULAR FARMING INTRODUCTION Biotechnology in agriculture has two categories: 1. “Improvements” to existing livestock and crops‚ and 2. Development of entirely new uses for both animals and plants (biopharming). “Improvements"‚ include ‘input traits’ such as crops with extra resistance to insect attack‚ improved weed control‚ increase the plants tolerance to cold‚ drought and other environmental factor. Ex "Roundup ready" soya‚ "Starlite" corn‚ or "Frost-tolerant" tomatoes. WHY PLANTS
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being able to maintain bodily balance 18. Filtration-movement of water and particals across a semipermeable membrane by a mechanical force such as blood pressure 19. Genetic engineering-the ability ti snip‚ rearrande‚ edit‚ or program DNA 20. Golgi Apparatus- a membranous structure in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of layers of flattened sacs and functioning in the processing and transporting of proteins 21. Hypertonic solution- a solution in which water molecules are moving out of a cell‚ causing
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Ch.2 Essential chemistry for Biology 1. Water is precious to life because living organisms use water as the medium (solvent) for chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. Water also helps maintain temperatures. Droughts are disastrous because they can wipe out crops‚ which in turn cause famine. 2. MATTER: Composed of chemical elements‚ occupies space and has mass (ex: solid‚ liquid‚ and gas states.) CHEMICAL ELEMENTS: substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions
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STUDY GUIDE WITH CELL QUIZ Cell wall: Cell membrane: All cells have cell membrane Allows only essential things to come in. Double layer of lipids. Double layer=bilayer Golgi body Process and package macromolecules There is a cis end and a Trans end. Cells secrete things that have been packages from apparatus. Modify by adding carbs and phosphates. Imports substances Endoplasmic retulum Ribosome Cytoplasmic granules-small particle that floats in cytoplasm Made of ribosomal DNA and
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Endoplasmic Reticulum 11. An internal membrane system 12. Lipids‚ some proteins‚ and other materials are assembled here 13. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to allow for protein synthesis 14. Smooth ER has no ribosomes to allow for lipid synthesis Golgi Apparatus 15. Appears as a stack of membranes 16. Acts like a postman 17. It changes‚ sorts‚ and packages proteins and other materials 18. Also delivers these “packages” to their final destination Lysosomes 19. Small organelles filled with enzymes 20
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Which of the following lists the terms from simplest to most complex? * cells‚ tissues‚ organs‚ organ systems‚ organism The smallest unit of life? * Cell The process of_________ transforms solar energy into chemical energy. * Photosynthesis All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called? * Metabolism All single-celled organisms including archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes? * False‚ because some Eukaryotes‚ including Protista are single- celled. Prokaryotes belong
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Plant Cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells or cells with membrane bound nucleus. Generally‚ plant cells are larger than animal cells and are mostly similar in size and are rectangular or cube shaped. Plant cells are similar to animal cells in being eukaryotic and they have similar cell organelles. What is a Plant Cell? Back to Top Plant cells are eukaryotic cells i.e.‚ the DNA in a plant cell is enclosed within the nucleus. The most important distinctive structure of plant cell is the presence
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BIOLOGY TEST NOTES Biology is the study of life Living organisms share a set of characteristics that collectively set them apart from non-living matter Living organisms use molecules that contain instructions for building other molecules Living organisms gather energy and materias from their surrounding to: Build new biological molecules Grow in size Repair their parts Produce offspring All organisms are composed of the same macromolecules (proteins‚ fatty acids/lipids‚ carbs and nucleic
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The cell theory‚ or cell doctrine‚ states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization‚ called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)‚ Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865)‚ and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940). First Cells Seen in Cork While the invention of the
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Overview: Life at the Edge The plasma membrane separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings. This thin barrier‚ 8 nm thick‚ controls traffic into and out of the cell. Like all biological membranes‚ the plasma membrane is selectively permeable‚ allowing some substances to cross more easily than others. Concept 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins The main macromolecules in membranes are lipids and proteins‚ but carbohydrates are also important. The
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