Introduction Zoonotic intestinal parasites are prevalent around the world. One of the most common and studied is transmitted by the microscopic protozoan‚ Giardia intestinalis‚ also known as G. lamblia and G. duodenalis (Ivanov‚ 2010). This eukaryotic parasite is responsible for the transmission of the most common waterborne disease‚ giardiasis‚ which causes watery diarrhea‚ vomiting‚ and has even been linked to irritable bowl syndrome (Ankarklev et. al. 2010). Since its discovery in 1681‚ Giardia
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Cell Unit Notes I. Life Processes - What makes something living? A. Biotic: Having life’s conditions Abiotic: Not having life’s conditions Homeostasis: The condition of maintaining a constant internal environment in living organisms. B. Characteristics of living Organisms (LIFE) 1. Nutrition - Food for energy and body (cell) repair and development 2. Transport - Move materials were needed in organism 3. Respiration - Able to generate energy for life processes
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The early techniques of prevention of smallpox were later known as inoculation or variolation. In China‚ powdered scabs of smallpox pustules were blown into the nostrils of healthy persons through a tube. The mechanism of variolation was understood by many prominent ancient cultures in that they knew that prior exposure of uninfected people to mild strains of the Variola virus would induce an immune response in the inoculated subjects who would produce a faster immune response when later exposed
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NOTES Organ Systems CELL - Cell Membrane : surrounds the cytoplasm in the plant cell and surrounds the cell in the animal cell - Cell Wall : surrounds Cell - Chloroplast : type of organelle in the plant cell ; Conducts photosynthesis - Golgi Apparatus : modifies‚ sorts‚ and packages proteins and other materials from the cellular endoplasmic reticulum - Mitochondrion : produces energy - Nucleus : regulates all cell activity - Nucleolus : contains the DNA of a cell - Vacuole : the storage
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Chapter 1: Intro Independent Variable - variable you deliberately change during an experiment Theory - explanation based on a large number of experiments Hypothesis - educated prediction of cause and effect - what you test in an experiment Control - a zero or set form of the independent variable Dependent - variable you measure because you think it could change 7 characteristics: order‚ regulation‚ growth and development‚ energy processing‚ response to the environment‚ reproduction‚ evolutionary
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signal is eventually cleaved off by a host cell signal peptidase leaving the pre-core protein derivative‚ P22. The truncated pre-core protein is further modified by C- terminal cleavage of up to 34 amino acids as it passes through the ER and Golgi apparatus‚ resulting in a secreted polypeptide of 15-18 kDa‚ serologically defined as HBeAg (Ou et al.‚ 1986 ; Standring‚ 1991). The HBeAg is thought to play a key role in inducing immune tolerance on an immature immune clearance of infected cells (Thomas
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The Action of Naturally Occurring Toxins and Medicines It is important to classify toxins and medicines (drugs) in order to understanding the mechanism and function of each one of them. By doing so‚ it is also possible to increase their values by altering their mechanism (e.g. converting toxins to drugs) to cure diseases and improve human health. Therefore in this review‚ the mode of action of several toxins and drugs as well as their effects on human body will be discussed. 1. Cobratoxin Cobratoxin
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CHAPTER 12- THE CELL CYCLE I. Concept 12.1- Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells A. Overview 1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle‚ the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. B. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material 1) A cell’s endowment of DNA‚ its genetic
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of the cell. The part of the cell that helps make proteins is called ribosome. They connect amino acids together to create protein. These proteins are an essential part of our DNA. The Golgi bodies have more than one job. They provide and store energy for the cell. The energy come from complex molecules that the Golgi bodies build from smaller‚ simple molecules. They also build lysosomes. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down food into smaller particles. If food doesn’t enter the cell‚ lysosomes
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Date: Conducted by: Brenan‚ Jay and Satoro AIMS: * Demonstrate how vibration induces illusions of movement * To determine whether vibration has had any effect on ability to match joint angle between left and right arms * Observe the effect of fatigue on ability to sense force. INTRODUCTION Proprioception is defined as the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body. It is the ability to distinguish how ones body is situated‚ either in motion or stationary
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