Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries* Merilee S. Grindle Edward S. Mason Professor of International Development Kennedy School of Government Harvard University merilee_grindle@harvard.edu November 2002 “People now place their hope in God‚ since the government is no longer involved in such matters.”1 So lamented a poverty-stricken citizen of Armenia. Indeed‚ it is all too clear that when governments perform poorly‚ resources are wasted‚ services go
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Irony in “The Pardoners Tale” Irony is a literary technique characterized by a contrast between what is written and what is to be understood by the reader. There are three types of literary irony; verbal‚ dramatic‚ and situational. In Jeffery Chaucer uses all three types of literary irony in “The Pardoners Tale.” Verbal Irony is a device used to convey a contrast between what is said and what is meant. There are a few examples of verbal irony in “The Pardoners Tale.” For example‚ one of the rioters
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Effective Dramatic Irony In Oedipus The King‚ Sophocles creates rising action by asking dramatic questions throughout the play. These questions generate suspense in the audience when they become dramatic irony and amplify the climax. During the falling action‚ Oedipus is engulfed in misery when he experiences a reversal of fortune. Finally‚ Oedipus goes through a discovery process ending when he discovers his tragic resolution. According to Aristotle‚ a tragedy consist of a drama that contains
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Irony as a device and its political potential “Is there any way to get hold of any corner of this large slippery subject (irony) with precision enough to allow two readers to agree and to know how they have agreed?”7 Irony is not an easy term to define within specific limits. The fact that the notion of irony has been extensively discussed and used in several fields in various ways is not accidental. Irony is used‚ inter alia‚ in various forms of art such as literature‚ performance art‚ theater‚
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destruction‚ portraying Oedipus as a helpless pawn of fate. The most prominent literary device is dramatic irony‚ primarily of the spoken word‚ through which--especially in the Prologue--Sophocles captures audience attention‚ illuminates Oedipus’ arrogant personality‚ and foreshadows the events of the final scenes. It is not difficult to understand why Sophocles resorts to dramatic irony in the construction of his play. He is working with much the same problem a modern-day playwright would face
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The Pardoner’s Tale: Irony Nearly every aspect of the Pardoner’s tale is ironic. Irony exists within the story itself and in the relationship between the Pardoner and the story. The ending of the story presents a good message despite the Pardoner’s devious intentions to swindle money from the other pilgrims. By using irony in the Pardoner’s tale‚ Chaucer effectively criticizes the church system. The irony begins as soon as the Pardoner starts his prologue. He tells the other pilgrims
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Animal Farm is a classic portrayal of how power can effect the goals and hopes of a society. In this essay‚ I will explore the irony of Animal Farm‚ and how it used to satirize communism and dictatorships. The story begins with a revolution‚ and high hopes for the society being developed by the animals. But slowly‚ as the leading officials get a taste of power‚ things begin to change. The Commandments‚ a code by which all animals on Animal Farm live by‚ is secretly altered when the pigs (leading
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reader into an experience of horror‚ just as many other stories by Poe do. Edgar Allan Poe is famous for his gothic horror writing‚ tales of mystery‚ and the macabre. His stories use clear symbolism with muted irony. This dark story by Edgar Allan Poe is made more interesting by the irony he uses to increase tension‚ enhance horror‚ and communicate the theme. It is ironic that we only have Montresor’s word for what happened‚ but yet he is an unreliable narrator. Montresor can be considered an
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daughter is sent to church‚ an explosion kills the child. “ ‘Ballad of Birmingham’ provides rich lessons in irony‚ the power of poetry‚ and the history of our country” (Jolley 38). The irony is displayed from the fact that the mother wants to keep her child safe by sending her to church and thus leads to her death is one of the main literary devices that Randall uses in this poem. From this irony‚ one can see how afraid the African American
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“The great thing about irony is that it splits things apart‚ gets up above them so we can see the flaws and hypocrisies and duplicates.” – David Foster Wallace. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini‚ included lessons that gave readers a glimpse of what life is like as one grows older. As we progress through the book‚ we see how the relationship between servant and masters looks like. The relationship between Baba and Ali‚ and‚ Amir and Hassan‚ really captures the essence of how hypocritical and ironic
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