The University of Chicago The Booth School of Business of the University of Chicago The University of Chicago Law School Vertical Integration‚ Appropriable Rents‚ and the Competitive Contracting Process Author(s): Benjamin Klein‚ Robert G. Crawford‚ Armen A. Alchian Source: Journal of Law and Economics‚ Vol. 21‚ No. 2 (Oct.‚ 1978)‚ pp. 297-326 Published by: The University of Chicago Press for The Booth School of Business of the University of Chicago and The University of Chicago Law School
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Abstract Horizontal violence is a negative phenomenon that is increasing significantly in the hospital setting. It is defined as bullying‚ verbal and physical aggression that occurs to employees in the workforce. Horizontal violence has harmful effects on nurses as it lowers their self- esteem‚ and makes them feel as if they have no power in their career. This phenomenon also negatively impacts patient centered care and safety as nurses are more vulnerable to making medication errors and careless
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| Horizontal Violence | | 6-11-2013 | What is violence? Violence is great force‚ either physical or emotional‚ usually exerted in order to damage or otherwise abuse something or someone. Horizontal violence is violence directed towards one’s peers. All acts of unkindness‚ discourtesy‚ sabotage‚ divisiveness‚ infighting‚ lack of cohesiveness‚ scapegoating and criticism includes horizontal violence. For example Verbal abuse including name calling‚ threatening‚ intimidating‚ dismissing
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Horizontal Analysis Horizontal analysis is a procedure in fundamental analysis in which compares ratios or line items in a company’s financial statements over a certain period of time. The horizontal analysis of Marriott International is shown below. | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | Increase/(Decrease)Amount Percent | Revenue | $11‚691 | $10‚908 | $12‚879 | $(1‚188) | 9.2% | Expenses | $10‚996 | $11‚060 | $12‚114 | $(1‚118) | 9.2% | Operating income | $695 | $(152) | $765 | $(70) | 9.1% | Net
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Chapter 10: Vertical boundaries Chapter 10: Vertical boundaries Aim of the chapter To understand the factors that influence the ways in which transactions on a vertical chain (value chain) should be/are located on the market–organisation continuum. Learning objectives On completion of this chapter and the essential reading‚ you should have a good understanding of the following terms and concepts: • transaction cost economics • strategic calculation. Essential reading Buchanan‚ D. and
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Horizontal direct effect Horizontal direct effect is a legal doctrine developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) whereby individuals can rely on the direct effect of provisions in the Treaties‚ which confer individual rights‚ in order to make claims against other private individuals before national courts. By virtue of the doctrine of the ‘direct effect’ of Treaty provisions‚ individuals can rely directly on EC law before their national courts. There is no need for implementation of EC law
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Vertical Advantages Vertical organizations provide clear lines of authority and a tight span of control‚ which can lead to high operating efficiency. In general‚ the organization is comprised of relatively small departments‚ allowing managers to closely monitor and control the activities of their subordinates. Each layer of the organization reports to the one directly above it‚ all the way up the chain to top management‚ and each layer has its own clearly defined functions and responsibilities. Employees
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The Horizontally Opposed Revolution Common engine architectures include the V-type and incline engines‚ but the most unique of the three is the horizontally opposed engine. The horizontally opposed engine‚ also known as the boxer engine‚ is the only engine that has pistons that move from side-to-side and give the engine a flat look. The boxer engine has an uneventful past‚ a rich present and bright future. The original design for the boxer engine comes from Carl Benz in 1896 (Hendriks‚ 2006)
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Week 1 | Day | English | Mathematics | Science | Social Studies | Integration Possibilities | 6 | Literary ELACC2RL1-10‚ Informational ELACC2RI1-10‚ Narrative ELACC2W3 Comprehension of Fiction‚ Phonics‚ Writing | GA CCSS 2.2OAAdd and Subtract within Twenty | S2CS2 a-c: Computation & Estimation skills; S2CS5 a‚b: Communicate scientific ideas | GA SS2H2 a‚bDescribe the Georgia Creek and Cherokee cultures | ART- During History class‚ students can work in groups to create murals that showcase
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types of mergers which these companies must consider horizontal‚ vertical‚ and conglomeration. A horizontal merger occurs when two companies from the same industry consolidate their assets and eliminate competition allow them to reach potential higher gain within market. Vertical mergers occur when two or more companies operating at different levels are producing goods or services for a particular industry. The goal
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