Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue - The nervous system includes all nervous tissue in the body -Neural tissue contains two types of cells: 1) neurons (10% of all neurons‚ conduct nerve impulses) 2) neuroglia (support neurons) -We have 100 billion neurons -Organs of the nervous system: brain‚ spinal cord‚ sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes‚ ears‚ etc.)‚ and nerves (connects the nervous system with other systems‚ bundle of neurons that relay information) -Functions of the nervous system: 1) sensory
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Chapter 8.1 1. List the four biological levels of organization in a human in order from most simple to most complex. Cells‚ tissues‚ organs‚ organ systems 2. Define the term “homeostasis”. The tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. 3. What does the term “feedback system” refer to with respect to homeostasis? A cycle of events in which a variable‚ such as body temperature‚ is continually monitored‚ assessed‚ and adjusted. 4. List the three components
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1) How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? Osteoarthritis usually affects people 60 or older and is caused by increasing wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation. On the other hand rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition. It is caused by the body attacking its own tissues as well as allergies‚ bacteria‚ viruses‚ and other genetic factors. 2) When the triceps brachii muscle contracts‚ what movements does it produce? When
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action potential production at the site of injection. How do you think Novocain works on the axon membrane‚ and how does it block the sensation of pain? Novocain serves to block receptors on nerve cells that sense pain. Therefore preventing neurotransmitter from binding to the receptors and stimulating sensory neurons to fire. More specifically Novocain blocks the sodium channel and prevents depolarization from occurring in the neurons of the site of injection. Because of this an action potential is
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For this type of application scanning or imaging human brain activity used a different approach. A study and experiment had been conducted to real subject in obtaining the real time result and brain mapping of the activity in human brain. Electric Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) were used to measure electrical signals generated from human brain activity and reconstruct volumetric image of the brain signal in real time. ECVT is a method for determination of the dielectric permittivity distribution
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Drugs and the nervous system Neurotransmitters within the body include excitatory and inhibitory‚ noradrenalin‚ dopamine‚ serotonin; acetylcholine and glutamate are examples of excitatory neurotransmitters. GABA and glycine are examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters. General anaesthetics General anaesthetics act mainly on the central nervous system to stop information processing; these may be given by inhalation or intravenously. Nitrous oxide or laughing gas is used in maintain anaesthesia
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Vanessa Yang Smith Period 6 Biology HP 17 March 2014 Biology Study Guide: Unit 6 Physiology III Benchmark 1. Homeostasis maintains and keeps a balance of an organism’s internal environment. 2. The body maintains homeostasis by the feedback inhibition‚ in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus. 3. The axon terminal is the nerve ending. The nodes speed up the message. The myelin sheath is an insulating membrane. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body
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Units of Chapter 8 • Conservative and Nonconservative Forces • Potential Energy • Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation • Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy • The Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Units of Chapter 8 • Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity • Power • Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium Copyright © 2009
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