fit into all scientific explanations. For instance‚ it is said that explanation is an asymmetric relation because x can explain y‚ but given the same laws and evidences‚ y may not explain x. Hempel’s law does not respect this asymmetry as it implies that explanation should be a symmetric relation. I find it more difficult to come to a concrete conclusion concerning this model; I agree with the three elements that should be utilized to form a sound argument or explanation‚ but I also see the issue
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Outline and evaluate biological explanations for aggression (24) The biological explanation for aggression states that aggression is innate behavior in people and the environment around them does not cause it. Neurotransmitters in the brain‚ chemicals that allow impulses to be transmitted from one area to another‚ can be used to explain why some people are aggressive. There is evidence to suggest that the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine are linked to aggression‚ low levels of serotonin
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Outline and evaluate the biological explanation of depression. Biological explanation of depression can be explained by neurotransmitter dysfunction. Neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin and serotonin have been shown to be linked with depression. Bunney at al (1965) found that there was low levels of noradrenaline function in the brain of depressed individuals. Also‚ post mortem studies found increased noradrenaline receptors in the brains of depressed suicide victims. When there is low noradrenaline
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3. Define and discuss King’s explanation of “nonviolent direct action.” King first explains the idea of a nonviolent campaign by stating the four basic steps that it consists of‚ “Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action”(337). Kings says that negotiations made by the merchants of Birmingham to take down humiliating signs were never fulfilled‚ so they became the victims of a “broken promise”. This is why they began to prepare
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Sociological Explanations for the Existence and Persistence of Poverty Dependency based Explanations These sorts of explanations argue that the poor are in some way‚ the cause of their own poverty. At their most extreme‚ they suggest that the welfare system in Britain actually makes people dependant on it by providing an attractive alternative to work. Different approaches exist‚ based on: The dependency culture The culture of poverty The underclass The Dependant Individual This idea
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that are held by the relevant actors involved‚ and the means are how such stated goals are accomplished. In attempting to explain how this creates relevant‚ coherent policy‚ Graham Allison develops three models and uses them in the case study of the Cuban Missile Crisis to demonstrate how they apply. In Allison’s explanation of his models and subsequent application of these models to the Cuban Missile Crisis‚ he argues that the Rational Theory model (Model I) is not a sufficient way to explain the
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Using material from Item A and elsewhere‚ assess different sociological explanations of suicide. (21 marks) Suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life and sociologists over the years have tried to put forward various explanations for why someone may do this. Within sociology there are many different views on suicide on the causes and explanations for it‚ these come from two main methodologies which are Positivists who believe that sociology is a science and they should aim to make causal
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Discuss explanations of institutional aggression. (24 marks) Institutional aggression is any violent behaviour that exists within certain institutions. The aggression may be a defining feature of the group‚ for example the army or the police. Or it may just be a readily acceptable ‘normal’ behaviour e.g. the events that took place in Abu Grahib Prison in Iraq. There are two main explanations of institutional aggression; dispositional factors and situational factors. Dispositional factors can be
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Creationism is often disputed by philosophers and scientists about whether it is an acceptable explanation for the creation of the universe. The majority of scientists claim that there is no room for religion in the creation of the universe and that the creation can be explained only with science. However there are a small group of scientists that believe the God of classical theism had taken part in the creation of universe. One example is Michael Behe. As a professor of biochemistry he believes
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Scientific Explanations of the World and Agnosticism and Atheism The Big Bang had to occur at exactly the right second. If it didn’t‚ it cannot exist the way it is today. The reason for that is‚ if it happened to soon‚ it would have been too small to form stars‚ and if it happened to late‚ everything would have flown away too quickly to create stars and planets. They believe God caused this to happen. Scientific laws such as gravity made the content of the universe to form how it is today
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