Bacteria are classified on the basis of many characteristics. Morphological and physiological features such as cell shape‚ motility‚ formation of spores and other distinguishable structures‚ and reaction to Gram stain is a good start in identifying bacteria. Other staining techniques such as Acid Fast stain are also useful in determining species. More important in identification of a genus and species of bacteria are biological tests‚ including the determination of the types of nutrients a cell can use‚
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Staining? Cell staining is a technique that can be used to better visualize cells and cell components under a microscope. By using different stains‚ one can preferentially stain certain cell components‚ such as a nucleus or a cell wall‚ or the entire cell. Most stains can be used on fixed‚ or non-living cells‚ while only some can be used on living cells; some stains can be used on either living is or non-living What Cellularcells. Staining? The most basic reason that cells are stained is to enhance visualization
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Staining to? Answer It is important to heat fix the bacterial smear before staining so as to‚ kill the bacteria‚ firmly adhere the smear on to the microscopic slide to prevent washing off during staining‚ and to allow the sample to readily take up the stain. Reference: www2.hendrix.edu What is the purpose of heat- fixing the smear? It helps the cells adhere to the slide so that they can be stained. The purpose of heat fixing is to kill the organisms without serious distortion. They adhere better
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uniform (5) Total INTRODUCTION Bacterial cells are usually colorless because cytoplasm‚ for the most part‚ is transparent. Staining the organisms makes them contrast in color with their surroundings‚ so they are more readily visible. Certain stains can also be used to identify internal structures of the cell‚ which would otherwise be unseen. Further‚ in order to use the oil immersion objective of the microscope and thereby obtain the greatest degree of magnification‚ it is convenient to use
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positive staining. (3 marks) Positive staining is done by staining the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria with crystal violet. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is made up of a thick layer of peptidoglycan which undergoes dehydration during decolourisation causing the pores to shrink. This shrinkage of pores traps CV-I complex and stain the cell purple. 2. Using a flow chart‚ outline the process of gram staining. (5 marks) Flood the slide with crystal violet for 1 minute then rinse with
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` Study Guide for Exam 1 Chapter 1: 1. What is a “microbe”? What groups of organisms are included in this category? Microbes (microorganisms) are minute living things that individually are too small to be seen with the unaided eye the group includes bacteria‚ fungi‚ protozoa‚ and microscopic algae‚ viruses Only minority of microorganisms are pathogenic(disease-producing) 2. What are some of the benefits provided by microbes? Decompose organic waste‚ producers in the ecosystem
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important to ensure that the specimen is truly sputum and not saliva. Urine culture: since most urinary tract infections are caused by gram-negative bacilli‚ identification and sensitivity testing are of primary importance. Usually‚ identification of bacteria and determination of their sensitivity to specific antimicrobial drugs are done after the initial gram stain analysis. Most frequently‚ the identification of a specific organism must be accompanied by a sensitivity study. Also due to the changing
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Another sample was applied to a glass slide‚ heat fixed and a Gram stain test was performed. From the list of several possible choices for the unknowns‚ about half are eliminated. Table 1 indicates the tests that were performed on the unknown sample‚ all materials required for each test‚ as well as factors determining a positive or negative result. Test Performed Media/Reagents Used Positive Test Observations Negative Test Observations Gram Stain Crystal violet Gram’s iodine 95% Alcohol Safranin
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identify a Gram(+) as well as a Gram(-) from the species that were given and the experiment proceeded as follows. METHODS The two streak plates made from the mixture of unknown bacteria showed two different colony morphologies. Colonies of Bacteria A were translucent in color‚ circular in form‚ with entire margins and a smooth surface. Colonies of Bacteria B were cream colored‚ irregular in form‚ with undulate margins and an umbonate surface. Two different morphologies allowed Gram stains to be performed
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inoculating loop or needle‚ Bunsen burner‚ glass slides‚ lens paper‚ bibulous paper‚ regular tap water‚ along with reagents Crystal violet‚ Gram’s Iodine‚ 95% ethyl alcohol‚ and safranin. The first test I conducted was the gram stain. In preparation for the actual gram staining process I had to make a smear. To do this‚ I acquired a clean glass slide. I then placed one drop of water onto the center of the slide. Using the flame from my Bunsen burner I sterilized my loop by passing the malleable
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