Microbiology Lecture Exam #1 Outline Chapter 1: Microbiology Introduction I. Microbiology Definition II. History of Microbiology (Christian Gram‚ Robert Koch‚ Antony van Leeuwenhoek‚ Robert Hook‚ Edward Jenner‚ Louis Pasteur‚ Elie Metchnikoff‚ Dmitri Iwanowski‚ Paul Ehrlich‚ Alexander Fleming) II. Scope of Microbiology A. Infectious Agents 1. Prions 2. Viroids 3. Viruses B. Prokaryotes
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ferment the product can be stained with the gram staining. Gram staining is the method of differentiating bacteria into 2 large groups of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall. Most of the bacteria or yeast in the starter cultures used are Gram-positive. Gram staining requires 4 types of solutions used in the procedure: crystal violet‚ mordant‚ alcohol and safranin. The Gram-positive microbes will have blue stain while Gram-negative stains pink after the procedure
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_Control_______ variable. Through the semester‚ you have used two bacteria that produce colorful colonies: one produce yellow colonies‚ another one pink. What are the names of these two bacteria? Are they Gram+ or Gram-? Micrococcus Luteus‚ yellow colonies‚ gram + Serratia Marcescens‚ pink colonies‚ gram - There was one bacterial
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followed‚ they provide accurate data. 2. In 1884‚ Hans Christian Gram described a method of staining bacterial cells while not staining surrounding animal tissues; however‚ he thought the staining method he developed was faulty because not all bacteria stained. In a letter to the editor of the journal in which Gram published his findings‚ write your response to Gram’s concern. 3. Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial
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and evident in rat bite fever Exercise 3: Gram stain What is the function of the iodine solution in the Gram stain? If it were omitted‚ how would staining results be affected? Omitting the iodine in the gram’s stain would mean‚ the crystal violet that goes into the cell would be incapable of forming the Crystal Violet Iodine (CVI) composite. The CVI complex molecule possesses a bigger size than that of Crystal violet molecule; therefore‚ gram-positive bacteria are able to maintain the stain
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Using the Powersoil DNA extraction kits‚ one gram of soil will be used with six individual reagents to purify the sample of any impurities that might interfere with our results. The six reagents used are labeled as C1‚ C2‚ C3‚ C4‚ C5‚ and C6‚ each with their individual properties to unpurified unwanted
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When gram stained gram-negative bacteria stains pink or red; it is colorless and requires safranin as a counterstain. The cell wall of the bacterial cell is a complex‚ semirigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell (Tortora‚ Funke & Case‚ 2013). Gram positive bacteria occupy a multilayered thick peptidoglycan‚ and teichoic acid. Teichoic acids assist with distinguishes gram positive bacteria from other bacteria. The Gram positive bacteria are easier to kill. The gram reaction of
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identify a Gram(+) as well as a Gram(-) from the species that were given and the experiment proceeded as follows. METHODS The two streak plates made from the mixture of unknown bacteria showed two different colony morphologies. Colonies of Bacteria A were translucent in color‚ circular in form‚ with entire margins and a smooth surface. Colonies of Bacteria B were cream colored‚ irregular in form‚ with undulate margins and an umbonate surface. Two different morphologies allowed Gram stains to be
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If there is any update‚ it will be posted no later than this Saturday (2/8/14) Identify the following individuals’ major contributions to science Ehrlich – magic bullet Hooke –cell theory and microscope Jenner - cowpox Lister- disinfectant (phenol) Koch- kochs postulate Lancefield- immunology to classify via serotypes Linnaeus- nomenclature Pasteur- pasteurization‚ vaccine‚ microbes in nonliving matter‚ aseptic techniques‚ fermentation. van Leeuwenhoek- described live organisms with Hooke’s microscope
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Observation of Bacteria on Chicken and Handrail and the Effect of GermX® and Alcohol on Them. Sujit Bhimireddy‚ Daryl Onwuchuruba‚ Naveen Sood‚ and Manasa Tripuraneni Biology 106 Abstract Bacteria are found everywhere on this planet. This experiment is aimed at observing some of the bacteria that surround us in places that we use everyday. We will look at bacteria found on a piece of chicken and bacteria found on a handrail. The effectiveness of antibacterial substances such as GermX® and
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