and why disease-causing bacteria grow and spread‚ so that you are able to prevent food-borne diseases. Kinds of bacteria 1. Beneficial bacteria These are helpful to us. They can enhance flavor of butter‚ yoghurt‚ and cheese. 2. Undesirable bacteria These are bacteria that are responsible for food spoilage. 3. Disease-causing bacteria or pathogens These are bacteria that are most of the food-borne illnesses. The only way to protect food against pathogenic bacteria is by proper hygiene and
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produces genetically identical copies of the original cell. Some prokaryotes transfer genetic material through sex pili from a donor to a transformation ‚ prokaryote picks up from the environment free pieces of DNA secreted by live bacteria or released by dead bacteria then incorporates the genes into its own genetic makeup. In transduction‚ a virus serves as a vector in transporting genes from one organism to another. The size of prokaryotic cells range from about 0.2 to 10 micrometers in diameter
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are only dreams. One can dream all we like but without commitment‚ nothing can be achieved. Based on the article given‚ it proves that by devoting particular attention to pharmacodynamics‚ it enables one to understand the interaction between bacteria and antibiotics better. Such great understanding would then allow for manipulation of the drug usage‚ thereby strengthening our understanding of how to optimise antibiotic performance. Over the past decade‚ there have been numerous occasions where
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The hanging drop is the established technique for inspecting pristine microbes‚ while the wet mount is easier to complete and typically offers enough data. List at least three types of bacteria whose names reflect their shapes and arrangements‚ and state the meaning of each name. • Streptococcus is spherical in shape and commonly seen in strep throat • Lactobacillus is bacillus or rod shaped and found in probiotics • Spirillum Pulli
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GFP gene to be used to track the flow of genes between bacterial cells through conjugation. A plasmid with these qualities is necessary to create a plasmid that can be transferred to Gram-positive bacteria low in C&G (which are hard to transform with traditional means) by conjugation with other bacteria. Current vectors have the malR regulatory protein which imposes a problem because when active‚ the malM gene is not induced‚ so maltase is not utilized and the gfp gene is not expressed when maltose
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Micro-organisms Micro-organisms Micro-organisms (or microbes) are literally microscopic organisms‚ which can only be seen properly with the aid of a microscope. These include bacteria‚ microscopic fungi (moulds) and protoctists. Although viruses‚ which are even smaller than bacteria‚ are generally considered to be non- living entities‚ they might also be included here as they are important disease-causing agents. Micro-organisms are the most numerous organisms in any ecosystem. There are about 159
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Clostridium tetani is a bacteria which can be found in soil and faeces‚ and causes the disease Tetanus. [Human Illnesses]. Clostridium tetani bacteria reproduce by binary fission because they are a bacteria. [St Margaret’s College]. In binary fission‚ bacteria reproduce by splitting themselves in half on a regular basis. [St Margaret’s College]. In ideal conditions‚ the Clostridium tetani bacteria may reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes. [St Margaret’s College]. To live and reproduce by
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of microbes. The outcome of the search was a new kind of medicine which is known as antibiotics. Antibiotics is a variety of substances that control the growth or kill bacteria. Since bacteria is evolving rapidly and resisting antibiotics due to the overuse of the medicine‚ reducing the need and use would help slow down the bacteria from evolving. There are many things that can be done to help slow down the resistance of antibiotics. If the trend of this resistance keeps growing antibiotics wont be
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plasmid to a bacterial cell. The bacteria E. Coli was separated into two groups: one where the pGLO plasmid was added to the bacteria‚ which contains the genes of fluorescence and resistance to antibiotics‚ and the other lacking the plasmid. The two groups then placed in agar plates simulating different environments: the bacteria lacking the pGLO plasmid was subjected to an environment solely contaiing nutrients and another containing nutrients and ampicillin; the bacteria containing pGLO was subjected
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colonies ERIC LI Abstract In this experiment we work with different types of bacteria and experiment with their different properties and how they grow in certain situations. Different samples of bacteria cultures were gathered from different places such as the mouth‚ shaded mulch‚ and from the table top. The samples were collected by using a cotton swab and swiped onto a petri dish filled with nutrient agar. The bacteria were then left to grow on their own in a relatively well shaded area. As a control
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