The Endosymbiont Hypothesis and the evolution of the Chloroplast and Mitochondria Dr Lynn Margulis is seen as the first person to have put forward the Endosymbiont Hypothesis which is based on a theory which explains the likely origin of the mitochondria and chloroplast (plants) in eukaryote organisms which we observe today. Dr Margulis received evidence from all over the world and from many scientific researchers and experiments‚ Margulis simply had to put all the evidence together to form her
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microscopically. Results were recorded in Table 1. Gram Reactions Cell shapes Cell Ends and Arrangement Size Distinctive Characters Predicted Bacteria Bacteria 1 Gram positive (purple) Cocci Rounded‚ clusters‚ singly Small - Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria 2 Gram negative (pink) Rods (shorter than B. cereus) Rounded‚ regular‚ pair‚ clusters Medium - Escherichia coli Bacteria 3 Gram positive (purple) Long rods Rounded‚ irregular‚ groups‚ chains Large Endospores present; spherical‚ central‚ not distending the
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Title: E. Coli Transformation with a Plasmid DNA Containing the GFP Gene Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of bacteria taking in and expressing exogenous DNA. This has led to many other discoveries. In order for bacterial transformation to occur the bacteria must be in a certain physical state to be able to take in DNA. This is called competency and it allows the cell membrane to be permeable so DNA can pass through. Currently researchers are studying the transformation
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Bureau of Plant Industry. It was tested against the bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. The resulting Numerical value was 2.5 for E. coli and 3.0 for S. aureus. The bureau used the standard parameter 1-2- slightly inhibited and 3-5 as partially inhibited. Thus‚ the inhibition of the mango leaves extract and coconut oil in E. coli was slight and it is partial in S. aureus. The researcher concluded that mango leaves extract with coconut oil can kill bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus. It can also be concluded
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What is it?Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria. There are lots of different species of lactobacillus. These are "friendly" bacteria that normally live in our digestive‚ urinary‚ and genital systems without causing disease. Lactobacillus is also in some fermented foods like yogurt and in dietary supplements.Lactobacillus is used for treating and preventing diarrhea‚ including infectious types such as rotaviral diarrhea in children and traveler’s diarrhea. It is also used to prevent and treat diarrhea
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Bacteria become resistant with mutations and by swapping DNA with a bacteria that is already resistant. The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a textbook example of evolution. The mutant bacteria will survive due to natural selection and will continue to cause illness in the patient. One thing that can be done to stop this evolution of bacteria is to somehow replace the bacteria’s DNA/RNA polymerase with one that is much better and accurate. This might fool the bacteria/virus into
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Quantification of Microbes in Milk and Water Naomi Hall 10/20/14 BSC 381L H003 Group: Megan Baker‚ Katie Coe and Meagan Williams Abstract Coliforms are gram negative bacteria commonly found in the intestines of birds and mammals and are the most widely utilized indicators of fecal contamination. The purpose of this experiment was to test various water and milk samples for the presence of coliforms‚ specifically fecal coliforms. It was expected that fecal coliforms would be found in all
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Probiotics Probiotics are living microscopic organisms‚ or microorganisms‚ that scientific research has shown to benefit the health. Most often they are bacteria‚ but they may also be other organisms such as yeasts. In some cases they are similar‚ or the same‚ as the “good” bacteria already in the body‚ particularly those in the gut. These good bacteria are part of the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the bodies. This community of microorganisms is called the microbiota. Some microbiota organisms
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tripartite symbiosis‚ by Jennifer Walker‚ Hannah Cohen‚ Logan Higgins and Peter Kennedy‚ the relationship between Alnus trees‚ ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Fungi and Frankia bacteria was looked at. Alnus are a group of trees‚ which have a symbiosis with ECM fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria. The bacteria helps the fungi get nutrients and the bacteria/fungi symbiosis helps to get nutrients to the tree. In this article they were particularity looking to see if ECM fungi communities that were in relation to Alnus
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grow on LB (Luria Broth) plates with ampicillin and determining if any genetic transformation has occurred. By combining +pGLO LB and ampicillin we should get an ampicillin resistant gene and by using –pGLO we should create a non-genetic resistant bacteria. The pGLO plasmid has the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene and the gene that allows the plasmid to be resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. The most important part of this experiment is the “heat shock treatment” because the E. coli membrane
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