accustomed to the Middle Ages. This peace is due to the alliance Poland formed with Lithuania.4 At the Union of Krewo in 1385 Jadwiga of the Polish Jagiello Dynasty married the Lithuanian Prince Yagaylo‚ thus uniting the Polish Kingdom and the Duchy of Lithuania in what would come to be known as the “Republic of Two Nations”. For the next two centuries this Dual Monarchy continued in a personal union. Both nations were under the same king but however had separate governments5. With the exception
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Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia and the region called Piedmont in northwestern Italy. The Kingdom of Sicily that occupied the island of Sicily and the entire southern half of the Italian peninsula . Other small states were the duchies of Toscana (Tuscany)‚ Parma‚ and Modena. In each of these states‚ the monarchs (all relatives of the Habsburgs‚ the ruling family of Austria) exercised absolute powers of government. The story of Italy’s unification is a bit more complicated. The main figure
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run resulted in the improvements such as the creation of a constitution which was without a doubt crucial to the consolidation of the Kaisers position. The constitution consisted of 25 federal states‚ within this there were 4 kingdoms‚ 12 Duchies‚ 6 Grand Duchies and 3 free cities. At first the Kaiser had pretty much entire control over all of these states however at this point the Kaiser had great control over each of these states‚ however each one did have a government which could decide healthcare
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NAME: PERDESSA ABRAMS 12/0257/1980 COURSE: HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE Introduction The movement to unite Italy into one cultural and political entity was known as the Risorgimento. Giuseppe Mazzini and his leading pupil‚ Giuseppe Garibaldi‚ failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy. Garibaldi‚ supported by his legion of Red Shirts who was mostly young Italian democrats ‚who used the 1848 revolutions
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<center><b>Q: Describe & Explain the Unification of Italy.</b></center> <br> <br><b>The Unification of Italy divides in to 3 main stages:</b> <br>1815-1830: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. <br>1848-1849: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. <br>1858-1870: The unification of Italy <br> <br><b>Introduction</b> <br>To understand the unification of Italy‚ matters before the revolution need to be examined. <br> <br>Up until 1716‚ Italy was just a big piece of land divided among
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Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late middle ages and throughout the Renaissance. 5. Republic of Florence - The Republic of Florence‚ or the Florentine Republic‚ was a city-state that was centered on the city of Florence‚ located in modern Tuscany‚ Italy 6. Medici Family - political dynasty‚ banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de’ Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. 7. Cosimo de’Medici - Cosimo di Giovanni de’
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victory over the army of the Czar. Napoleon had immense resources at his disposal. His influence collected men and materiel from across Europe‚ including France‚ Belgium‚ Holland‚ Germany‚ Italy‚ Prus-sia‚ Austria‚ Denmark‚ Switzerland‚ and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. Although sources differ‚ Connelly declares that‚ "by June 1812‚ Napoleon had a field army of 611‚000 men with 2000 guns and 250‚000 horses." To defeat the Czar‚ Napoleon intended
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Throughout the 18th century Finland was partly controlled by Russia and partly by Sweden and was subjected to a tug of war between the two countries. The next significant event in Finland’s history was the period where Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire. During the
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1812‚ Napoleon defeated the Russian army‚ yet the Russians took advantage of harsh winters in Moscow and guided the Napoleon and his army into an area in the Duchy of Moscow‚ where food and other resources were scarce. When the time was right‚ Russians attacked Napoleon and defeated his army. This event became known as the “The retreat of the Grand Army from Moscow” and has been a classic military example of invading force suffering disaster and devastation. Upon the death of Alexander I‚ there was
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telecommunications corporation. For other uses‚ see Nokia (disambiguation) Type Julkinen osakeyhtiö (Public company) Traded as OMX: NOK1V NYSE: NOK Industry Telecommunications equipment Internet Computer software Founded Tampere‚ Grand Duchy of Finland(1865) incorporated in Nokia (1871) Founder(s) Fredrik Idestam Leo Mechelin Fredrik Idestam‚ co-founder of Nokia. Leo Mechelin‚ co-founder of Nokia. The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag)
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