Primary sources help uncover the past and provide a gateway to understanding historical ideas. This source is a letter written in 1020 to Duke William of Aquitaine. It is from Fulbert‚ the bishop of Chartres‚ for the purpose of counseling William on the roles of both lords and vassals within the vows of fealty. The first line establishes that William had “asked [Fulbert] to write something concerning the from of fealty‚” presumably due to disagreements with his own vassals (191). Fulbert‚ in return
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argued that high population and low resources created a situation in which a crisis was inevitable. Certainly‚ populations were high and prices for basic foodstuffs had risen in the first half of the century. However‚ populations were already beginning the decline before the Black Death. A Malthusian crisis should thus have occurred earlier. Further‚ even after populations had collapsed in the first wave of pestilence‚ subsequent plagues continued to rock Europe and demographic recovery did not occur
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The nave of Amiens Cathedral The Amiens cathedral is the tallest complete cathedral in France‚ its stone-vaulted nave reaching an internal height of 42.30 meters (138.8ft). The lower nave completed by the 1230’s under the direction of Robert de Luzarches. Thomas de Cormont completed the upper nave in the 1240’s and later the radiating chapels. The plan of Amiens Cathedral is like that of the other Classical cathedrals at Chartres and Reims‚ as well as the Notre-Dame in Paris: a three-aisled
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allowed Jews out of the ghetto‚ granted Rome a constitution to replace absolute papal rule and created the Consulta‚ an elected body to advise the Pope. His strong evidence of liberalism encouraged nationalist and liberals‚ such as Piedmont and Tuscany in 1848 both reduced censorship and gave more liberal constitutions. Also the pope had seemed to be anti-Austrian as in 1848 when the Pope forbade Austrian troops from entering the Papal states. The Catholic Church shows to a great extent of evidence
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Asia‚ but makes serious error. Believed earth’s much smaller than it actually is. Lands on San Salvador (Bahamas)‚ then makes three more voyages to the new world. Dies convinced that he had found a shorter route to Asia. Columbian Exchange (the Grand Exchange) is a diverse and widespread exchange of animals‚ culture‚ plants‚ human populations (including slaves)‚ ideas‚ and communicable disease. A Rivalry Spain and Portugal now rivals (both claim land in the New World). Pope Alexander VI –
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The Catholic church has performed many acts of injustice in order to retain their political power and influence throughout the world. One of the most prominent acts committed by the church within the world of science was the prosecution of Galileo Galilei. Galileo had become the father of modern science‚ due to his scientific breakthroughs and revolutionizing modern technology. However‚ Galileo’s supporting argument for the Copernican heliocentric theory of the universe had caught the Church’s attention
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They enjoy natural environments and landscapes. The way they spent their time there is always different. Accommodations are one of these. They can stay in a big hotel‚ a bungalow or they camp. Examples would be the Black Forest‚ Provence‚ and Tuscany. Whole mountain ranges (e.g. the Alps) would not be considered a countryside area; however‚ a specific countryside area within a mountain range would be acceptable (e.g. Bernese Oberland). The example I have chosen is “Black Forest”‚ or in German
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The Italian Renaissance garden was a new style of garden which emerged in the late fifteenth century at villas in Rome and Florence‚ inspired by classical ideals of order and beauty‚ and intended for the pleasure of the view of the garden and the landscape beyond‚ for contemplation‚ and for the enjoyment of the sights‚ sounds and smells of the garden itself. In the late Renaissance‚ the gardens became larger‚ grander and more symmetrical‚ and were filled with fountains‚ statues‚ grottoes‚ water
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Pope Gregory was born as Hildebrand in 1025‚ to an upper class family in southern Tuscany. He adopted the name Gregory in memory of Gregory I after his election as pope in 1073. He became convinced that the pope was the living successor of St. Peter. Because of this connection‚ the pope‚ and he alone‚ would always remain a true Christian‚ never deviating from the faith and always aware of the will of God. Therefore‚ all Christians owed him absolute and unquestioned obedience. Disobedience was regarded
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The Medici Family The Medici Family Thesis Statement- The Medici family in Florence Italy were very rich‚ the Medici included several notable members: Lorenzo de Medici‚ Giovanni de Medici‚ Cosimo de Medici. And also some important women. The Medici Family I. History of the family A. Becoming established 1. 1. Giovanni de Medici took a job working in a bank‚ eventually taking over the bank where it later became known as the
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