Subject: Experiment 23: Stereochemistry of the Addition of Bromine to trans-Cinnamic Acid Introduction/Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to carry out the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid‚ to determine the stereochemistry of the dibromide product of 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid‚ and find out whether the reaction proceeds by the usual bromonium ion mechanism or some other mechanism. In this experiment trans-cinnamic acid was mixed with glacial acetic acid and stirred in which
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Measurement of Capacitance using Arduino – An Interrupt-based Approach: Part I SAIKAT PATRA‚ SHIBENDU MAHATA Introduction Capacitive sensors are widely employed to measure various physical and chemical process parameters such as displacement‚ acceleration‚ thickness‚ force‚ pressure‚ stress‚ level‚ and humidity. The measured value of capacitance is then calibrated in terms of the process parameter for indication and/or control applications. This project presents an interrupt-based approach by
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Diffusion of Hydrochloric Acid into Different Sizes of Agar Blocks Aim: Investigating the relationship between the diffusion and the surface area to volume ratio‚ with agar and hydrochloric acid. Research Question: How does the difference in surface area to volume ratio affect the diffusion? Hypothesis: As the area to volume ratio increases‚ the time taken for a complete diffusion will also increase. Background Information: Agar is a jelly like substance and in this experiment‚ agar
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CHEM 113L EXP# 7: Buffer Preparation and pH Measurements Revised . AMB 7-2005 Introduction: Even in quite dilute aqueous solutions‚ acetic acid is very slightly ionized (it would approach 99% ionization only as the concentration approaches 0.0 M): HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) Ka = 1.8 x 10-5. H3O+ + C2H3O2- In general‚ if the acid is not extremely weak‚ the pH of a solution of a weak acid is governed by the concentration of the acid and Ka. Under similar conditions‚ the pH of a solution of a weak base
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Using a primary standard to analyze acid and base solutions Acid-base titration Lab 13G Jake Shewchuk Lab 13C Dominique Genereux Purpose 13G: 1. To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid and use it to standardize an unknown sodium hydroxide solution. Purpose 13C: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “unknown” concentration with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 2. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “known” concentration
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Feb. 19‚ 2015 Liangting Lin 1-4 Lab Partner: Sunny Zhao 20C: Acid-Base Titration Purpose/Objective: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of unknown concentration with 0.50M sodium hydroxide‚ and determine the molarity of the hydrochloric acid 2. To titrate an acetic acid solution with 0.50M sodium hydroxide‚ and determine the molarity and percentage composition of the vinegar. Apparatus
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I did this lab to find out the differences between chemical and physical changes. I also did this lab to learn the signs that would indicate the chemical reactions and physical changes. I needed to learn the odor change‚ color change‚ bubbles or gas‚ irreversible‚ temperature changes and finger prints. By the end of the lab‚ my goal was to be able to didtinguish easily the difference between chemical and physical changes. Question #1 answer. 1. Gas. 2. Dissolved in water. 3
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Being able to identify unknowns is important in chemistry because it allows chemists to identify what chemicals they are working with if they have been improperly labeled or if they are trying to determine substances in a compound. Molecular weight and pKa are two properties that help to identify unknown compounds. To find the pKa of an unknown‚ pH meters are used during titrations to measure the potential difference in a solution by measure the difference of hydrogen-ion activity in a solution and
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Figure 1: Titration curve of 0.160 grams of an unknown diprotic acid that was dissociated in distilled water. Shown is the pH versus the volume in milliliters of 0.1 M NaOH‚ a strong base‚ added to the solution. The initial pH reading of the solution was a pH of 2.60. Although the pH of the ½ equivalence point was unknown‚ it could be estimated by halving the volume of NaOH used at the first equivalence point. At the first equivalence point‚ 13.63 milliliters of NaOH had been added to the unknown
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Figure 1 shows the average amount of absorbance for each tube‚ containing different levels of pH. Tube 2 had an acidic pH level‚ Tube 3 had a neutral pH level‚ and Tube 4 had a basic pH level. It is indicated that the absorbance rates were the highest for the neutral pH level‚ with a final absorbance rate of 0.166. This was followed by a basic pH (0.106). The acidic pH level had the least amount of absorbance with a final absorbance rate of 0.069. This reinforces the idea that the ALP enzyme worked
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