A phase transfer catalyst or PTC in chemistry is a catalyst which facilitates the migration of a reactant in a heterogeneous system from one phase into another phase where reaction can take place. Ionic reactants are often soluble in an aqueous phase but insoluble in an organic phase unless the phase transfer catalyst is present. Phase transfer catalysis (also PTC) refers to the acceleration of the reaction by the phase transfer catalyst. Phase transfer catalysts for anion reactants are often
Premium Chemistry Ion Chemical reaction
thick layer of insulation (ki = 0.085 W/m.K) and carrying a superheated steam at atmospheric pressure is suspended from the ceiling of a large room. The steam temperature entering the pipe is 120 oC‚ and the air temperature is 20 oC. The overall heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the covered pipe is 10 W/m2.K. if the velocity of the steam is 10 m/s‚ at what point along the pipe will the steam begin condensing and what distance will be required for the steam to reach a mean temperature
Premium Heat transfer Temperature Heat
2Pricing Strategy Factors affecting pricing decision Kia Optima is one type of the oligopolistic competition market. It dominated by a small number of sellers‚ each seller is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The prices might be uniform or not uniform to buyers. The price can be different at different places due to the reason of labor‚ resources‚ and taxes. Besides‚ there are few competitors include Toyota‚ Honda‚ and Hyundai. New Product Pricing Strategies Normally when company
Premium Pricing Marketing
Apple Computer Inc. Strayer University Bus 499 January 29‚ 2012 Professor Erica Atkins Abstract This paper describes the key strategic challenges facing Apple Computer. This paper will also describe the dimensions along which company success can be measured. We will also describe the critical external and internal environmental factors that have strategic implications for Apple’s future. This paper will further explain how Apple’s strategy stands up against industry rivalry. In closing we will
Premium Apple Inc. Steve Jobs Apple I
Pricing Strategy ITC Foods Business Division (Staples) The FMCG & RETAIL Pricing Strategy UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS FMCG Pricing Strategy is now a critical element of the management mix. Old school management responsibilities of Sales owning the trade spend budget and customer negotiations with marketing owning the Recommend Retail Price do not work in today ’s information driven age. Retail sales volume is now 80% controlled by 2-3 chains with a scattering
Premium Pricing Marketing
There are several differences between cost-based pricing and value-based pricing. In this essay we will consider a few of them. Value-based pricing is based on the customer’s perception of value rather than the seller’s cost as the key. Cost-based pricing is based on the product. A company comes up with an idea of what they think would be a good product and sets the price after considering all the production costs plus a target profit. (Kotler‚ Armstrong‚ 2008‚ p. 285‚ 286) Instead of starting
Premium Marketing Pricing Price
DHL Case 1. Using the EVC framework (i.e.‚ differentiation value)‚ what opportunities exist for price customization at DHL? (In other words‚ where is there value that is not priced out?). Based on the differentiation value‚ the following price customization opportunities exist for DHL. - DHL can charge a premium for its extensive network span and coverage in remote areas that they serve‚ which are not serviced by their competitors‚ like Africa. - Differentiation premium could be charged on
Premium Pricing Price
Selecting a Pricing Method 3 major considerations in price setting : costs of production‚ distribution‚ communication set a floor to the price competitors’ prices and the price of substitutes provide an orienting point customers’ assessment of unique features establishes the price ceiling (plafond) Companies select a pricing method that includes 1 or more of these three considerations. We will examine 6 price-setting methods: Mark-up pricing‚ target-return pricing‚ perceived-value
Premium Pricing Price Cost
OPTIMAL SERVICE PRICING FOR A CLOUD CACHE OPTIMAL SERVICE PRICING FOR A CLOUD CACHE ABSTRACT: Cloud applications that offer data management services are emerging. Such clouds support caching of data in order to provide quality query services. The users can query the cloud data‚ paying the price for the infrastructure they use. Cloud management necessitates an economy that manages the service of multiple users in an efficient‚ but also‚ resource economic way that allows for cloud profit
Premium Amazon Web Services Cloud computing Profit maximization
Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies Questions for Discussion 1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to Payless’s new strategy? : The strategy for setting a product’s price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Firms are look for a prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix. There are five product mix pricing strategies for the firms. Product line pricing‚ optional-product pricing‚ captive-product pricing‚ by-product
Premium Marketing Pricing Competition