Study Guide Vocabulary – Cell Cycle‚ Mitosis‚ Cytokinesis 1. How did the G1 and G2 stages get their names? 2. Cells must pass through a critical checkpoint during which two stages of the cell cycle? 3. Where does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells? 4. What two processes make up the M stage? 5. Among different types of cells‚ which stage of the cell cycle varies most in length? 6. Why does a skin cell divide more often than a liver cell? 7. What is G0? 8. Write an
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KINGDOM PLANTAE Also known as Kingdom Metaphyta Includes all types of eukaryotic‚ multicellular‚ photosynthetic‚ plants found in the biosphere Most are autotrophs (synthesize own food with help of solar energy) Contains about billion types of plant species Based on biologists‚ plants are divided into four main groups: 1. Phylum Bryophyta 2. Phylum Pteridophytae 3. Phylum Angiosperms 4. Phylum Gymnosperms These four main groups were classified based on: The presence/absence of vascular tissues
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color. These Transposable elements move from one site to another in a cell’s DNA; they are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes Transposons – Euckaryotic transposable element‚ moves by means of a DNA intermediate Retrotransposons – Eukaryotic transposable element‚ moves by means of an RNA intermediate Simple Sequence DNA – contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences Short tandem repeats (STR) series of repeating units of 2-5 nucleotides‚ repeat number can vary among
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are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in size and complexity. • All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane
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Introduction The Cell Theory Cell is the basic unit of life. All complex organisms‚ including plants and animals are multicellular‚ made of numerous cells. These cells are cooperative and could not survive for long on their own. Thus‚ these cells are arranged into higher level of organization‚ forming tissues‚ and then forming organs‚ so that they can perform their specific function. In 1838 and 1839‚ Theodore Schwann enunciate The cell theory‚ said that‚ all living things are composed of cells
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ALGAE Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots‚ stems‚ or leaves but do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying outphotosynthesis. Algae can be multicellular or unicellular. Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water‚ especially in plankton. Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots‚ stems‚ or leaves but do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. Algae can be multicellular or unicellular. Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water
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the fundamental unit of structure and function of living things. • Some organisms consist of a single cell; others are multicellular aggregates of specialized cells. • Whether multicellular or unicellular‚ all organisms must accomplish the same functions: uptake and processing of nutrients‚ excretion of wastes‚ response to environmental stimuli‚ and reproduction. • Multicellular organisms exhibit three major structural levels above the cell: Similar cells are grouped into tissues‚ several tissues
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reefs-building ____________. Archaeocyathids‚ an extinct group of sponges dominated the reefs of __________sea. The Burgess Shale Fauna: Snapshot of the Cambrian World The Canadian rocks with rare and exquisitely deposit of fossils are known as___________ ___________. Walcott‚ an American Paleontologist discovered over 50‚000 ___________in the Burgess Shale. Modern studies reported approximately 125 _______________. The oldest representative of the phylum __________. One of the most
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Chapter 25 Pre-Test Question 1 Part A Miller and Urey’s experiments that attempted to recreate conditions on early Earth were significant because _____. Hint 1. They gave credence to the idea of abiotic synthesis. ANSWER: they showed how polymers could form spontaneously on a clay substrate they produced the first protocells they showed how radiometric dating could be used to give the absolute ages of rocks and fossils proved the endosymbiotic theory they showed that organic
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B io Factsheet September 2000 Number 76 The Eukaryotic cell cycle and Mitosis This Factsheet covers the relevant AS syllabus content of the major examining boards. By studying this factsheet the candidate will gain a knowledge and understanding of: • the different phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle (a eukaryotic cell has membrane bound organelles) • the importances of mitosis • the process of mitosis The eukaryotic cell cycle Fig 2. Quantity of DNA in the cell during different
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