some concluding remarks. CONTINGENCY THEORY: ITS NATURE AND IMPLICATIONS Contingency theorists reject the validity of attempts to identify the “…one best way to manage an organisation‚ without particular regard to the situation” (Davidson & Griffin‚ 2002‚ p. 52). Instead‚ contingency theorists argue that appropriate managerial action depends upon the characteristics of the organization and the circumstances confronting that organization (Luthans‚ 1973; Lee‚ Luthans‚ and Olson¸ 1982; Daft
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the government to stop the concealment of homosexuality in America (Benshoff & Griffin 213). Voices from up from: America 1988-1991 compiles various short films in which shine light on the protest by groups of homosexuals held at the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in desperate attempt to fight against the suppression of homosexuality and the lack of sexual disease education in the United States (Benshoff & Griffin 215). In the early 90s the movie Philadelphia realistically showed the horror of
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coloring with the new chalk I just got. I looked down my street because I heard the sound of a rolling scooter screeching down the road‚ and I saw Hadley’s annoying little brother coming my way. Hadley’s was my best friend and her brother’s name was Griffin which means a dangerous person from Middle English...Just saying. He yelled at me at the top of his lungs “I’m getting my water gun!!” I wasn’t going to let a 6 year old take me down‚so I needed to think of a plan. Once I was sure he was gone‚I sprinted
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Extreme Motivation 14 April 2010 Abstract This paper explores some motivational strategies and theories modern day businesses use to motivate their employees. It begins by introducing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and discusses how needs are met during motivational techniques. Then presents pay-for-performance motivation by utilizing techniques from former GE CEO‚ Jack Welch. Then continues with a human resource approach to motivation. The paper briefly looks at some approaches to motivation
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Muzafer Sherif (Griffin‚ 2006‚ p. 207). As a part of his theory‚ Sherif‚ has three classifications for responses to messages that he calls attitude zones (Griffin‚ 2006‚ p. 207). The first zone is called the latitude of acceptance and represents statements that individuals feel are true and/or believable (Griffin‚ 2006‚ p. 207). The second attitude
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Decision making is intrinsic in the society no matter if it is a crucial decision or not. Many models and theories have been recommended to analyze how humans make choices both individually and also in groups such as organizations. This literature review covers a diversity of such models and theories including types of choices and influences of decision making. In order to understand the behavior of how individuals make choices‚ we have to first analyze the fundamental levels of decision making
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until she comes up with still another child to abort or support‚ But none of this is ’Negro-ness’" (Griffin 92). This quote shows that the blacks were deprived of an education‚ and a good education is usually a symbol of middle- or higher- class citizen. "They are so close to their ancestors learned to read and write at the risk of severe punishment‚ that learning is almost a sacred privilege (Griffin 125)." This quote shows how the whites had deprived them of an education for many centuries. The quote
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theorists assume that the group members of the group who cares about the issue are intelligent‚ and face a challenging task. They stressed that communication or the term they used‚ “group interaction” has a positive effect on the final decision. Griffin(2011) quoted from Hirokawa and Gouran that FPGDM‚ “is the prescriptive approach that describes and predicts task-group performance when four communication functions are fulfilled.” These four communication functions or also-known-as the Requisite
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Education‚ 129(4)‚ 742-754. v Retrieved from EBSCO multi-search database Kelly‚ E. P. (2000). Douglas McGregor. Revisited: Managing the Human Side of the Enterprise. Academy Of Management Executive‚ 14(3)‚ 143-145. doi:10.5465/AME.2000.4474571 Moorhead‚ G.I. (2010) Organizational Behavior: managing People and Organizations Chapter 1 Mason: OH: South-Western Cenage Learning‚ Retrieved fromhttp://www.nelsonbrain.com/content/griffin67334_0547167334_02.01_chapter01.pd f Rainer‚ Thomas (2014). Leadership
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individuals interact (Griffin‚ 2012‚ p.85). Burgoon’s theory has updated the thoughts on this theory since its initial conception. She found that proxemics was part of a larger group of nonverbal actions‚ such as body lean‚ eye contact‚ and many others (Griffin‚ 2012‚ p.88). Burgoon began to apply the nonverbal linguistics to other sources of communication and eventually dropped the nonverbal aspect in the theory name‚ resulting in the expectancy violations theory (Griffin‚ 2012‚
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