isomer‚ Octane 18 and Decane 75. Nomenclature: 164 Preparation:- Wurtz reaction:- Follow mainly free radical mechanism Useful in preparing an alkane containing even number of carbon atoms Stepping up reaction Frankland reaction From Grignard reagent (RMgX) From unsaturated hydrocarbons:- Sabatier-Senderens reduction 4. From carboxylic acids- Decarboxylation.- Kolbe’s electrolytic method- Physical Properties:- (1) Nature:- Non-Polar due to covalent nature of C—C bond and C—H
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
Notes Aldehydes and Ketones The major similarity between an aldehyde and a ketone is the carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. [pic] Both molecules have a carbonyl group‚ the difference the number of carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon. An aldehyde will have none or one and a ketone will have two carbons. All aldehydes‚ except formaldehyde‚ will have a hydrogen atom on one side of the carbonyl carbon and at least on carbon on the other side
Premium Oxygen Alcohol Carbonyl
Reactions of pyridine Introduction: 1. Pyridine structure: 2. Iupac name: Pyridine‚ other name: Azine & Azabenzene. *Important commercial alkyl pyridinium compound is α - methyl- pyridine (2)‚ βpicoline (3)‚ γ- picoline ( 4 ) ‚ 2‚6 - lutidine ( 5 ) ‚ 3‚5 - dimethyl- pyridine ( 6 ) ethyl-2 - methyl- pyridine ( 7 ) and 2‚4‚6 - collidine ( 8 ) . In general‚ the alkyl -substituted pyridine as many other precursors used in pyridine E-commerce. From these further alkyl substituted pyridine
Premium Hydrogen Benzene Carbon
ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
Premium Alcohol Oxygen
formula it did equal 148.09 g mol -1. This means that the empirical formula is also the molecular formula. As 12.01x10 carbons +1.008x12 hydrogens + 16= 148.09 09 g mol -1. From this knowledge the unknown molecule must include either an alcohol‚ aldehyde‚ ketone‚ ether or methoxy- functional group. Secondly it is important to calculate the degrees of unsaturation in the molecule. The degrees of unsaturation
Premium Chemistry Oxygen Molecule
for all kinds of carbohydrates which in free form or in combined form. The test is based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by concentrated sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde which condenses with two molecules of phenol‚ resulting in a coloured compound. Molisch reagent is a solution of α-napthol in 95% ethanol. The aldehydes produced are pentoses and hexoses which can derive to furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural respectively. The Molisch reagent further reacts with furfural to yield a coloured
Premium Glucose Carbohydrate Nutrition
Introduction • Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds • They contain the carbonyl group C=O • The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO • The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 2. AS Recap • Primary alcohols are oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. An aldehyde is produced first and this can be further oxidised to a carboxylic acid. To get the aldehyde‚ it must be distilled
Premium Fatty acid Carboxylic acid Alcohol
I. Abstract The experiment: Classification tests on Organic Compounds‚ allows the students to be familiarized with different classification tests used for identifying the different classes of organic compounds; examine unknown compounds using appropriate tests; and identify functional group of an organic compound based on the tests performed. Several organic compounds with different functional groups were tested to identify the functional groups present in the compound. n-heptane‚ pentene
Premium
ROH ==> CH3COOR + H2O | Primary alcoholRCH2OH‚ R = H‚ alkyl or aryl (NOT a phenol).(ii) is not a good test on its own‚ since so many other readily reducible organic compounds will give the same reaction‚ though following it up by testing for an aldehyde gives it much more validity. | (i) Lucas test - shake a few
Premium Carboxylic acid Hydrochloric acid Amine
Chapter 17—Alcohols and Phenols SHORT ANSWER Drawing Instructions: Draw structures corresponding to each of the given names. 1. Draw: cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol ANS: 2. Draw: 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol ANS: 3. Draw: 2-phenyl-2-propanol ANS: 4. Draw: glycerol ANS: 5. Draw: 2‚ 4‚ 6-trinitrophenol ANS: IUPAC Naming Instructions: Provide proper IUPAC names. 6. Name: ANS: (E)-2-ethylbut-2-en-1-ol 7. Name: HOCH2CH2OH ANS:
Premium Alcohol Acid