Introduction Aromatic compounds‚ which are planar cyclic rings with (4n+2)π electrons‚ will not undergo simple addition reactions like those of alkyl substances. However‚ in the presence of an electrophile‚ aromatic compounds will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution. In this type of reaction‚ two π electrons from the aromatic ring serve for the ring to act as a nucleophile and attack an electrophile. For nitration‚ this nucleophile is NO2+‚ which is produced by reacting nitric and sulfuric
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by the Philippine Department of Health for its antiseptic property. Bayabas or guava fruit is known for being rich in vitamin C and vitamin A. Bayabas leaves and fruits contain eugenol‚ tannin‚ saponins‚ amydalin‚ phenolic acids‚ malic acid‚ ash‚ aldehydes‚ catequinic components and flavonoids. Bayabas or guava is used in herbal medicine as antiseptic‚ anti-inflammatory‚ anti-spasmodic‚ antioxidant hepatoprotective‚ anti-allergy‚ antimicrobial‚ anti-plasmodial‚ anti-cough‚ antidiabetic‚ and antigenotoxic
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NADPH and oxygen which is incorporated it into the fatty acid (Figure 1) . This leaves NADP+ and water as byproducts and the methyl group converted to a hydroxyl group or alcohol as the product. The alcohol is then oxidized by a dehydrogenase into an aldehyde which is oxidized into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids form CoA‚ go through beta-oxidation‚ and produce adipic and succinic acids which can be excreted in the
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Compiled SCH4U Course Review Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Bonding Section 3.3 Electron Configurations and Periodic Trends (pg. 139-157) Feb. 11 For single electron system all orbitals with the same value of have the same energy Atoms with more than 1 electron with the same value of n have different energies (sublevels) Because of interactions between additional electrons All orbitals within a sublevel have the same energy The Fourth Quantum Number: A property of the electron (spin quantum
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Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICALTICLE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY SYNTHESIS‚ CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SCHIFF BASES METAL COMPLEXES CO (II)‚ ZN (II)‚ NI (II)‚ AND MN (II) DERIVED FROM AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE WITH VARIOUS ALDEHYDES. Corresponding Author SUNIL JOSHI Synthetic Lab‚ P. G. Department of Chemistry‚ Faculty of Science‚ Government College‚ Ajmer‚ Rajasthan (INDIA). Co Authors VATSALA PAWAR ‚ AND V.UMA Synthetic Lab‚ P. G. Department of Chemistry‚ Faculty
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Megan Entwistle‚ Maria Amos‚ and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom‚ ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state
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INTRODUCING ESTERS This page explains what esters are and looks at their simple physical properties such as solubility and boiling points. It includes an introduction to more complicated naturally-occurring esters like animal and vegetable fats and oils. What are esters? Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group‚ and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. This could be an alkyl group like methyl
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Bio 1011 Cells Exam #1 Answer the multiple choice questions on the scantron sheet. Select the one choice that best answers the question. Answer the short answer questions in the space provided at the end of the exam. 1. Which of the following is the SMALLEST? a. a bacterium b. a ribosome c. a hexose sugar d. a water molecule e. a yeast cell 2. The four main families of small inorganic molecules in cells are a. salts‚ sugars‚ fatty acids‚ amino acids‚ nucleotides b.
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Organic chemistry Organic chemistry is one of the ‘branches’ of chemistry and is seen as distinct from other branches‚ such as inorganic and physical chemistry. It can be described as the chemistry living processes (often referred to as biochemistry) but extends beyond that. It focuses almost entirely on the chemistry of covalently bonded carbon molecules and as well as life processes‚ it includes the chemistry of other types of compounds‚ including plastics‚ petrochemicals‚ drugs and paint
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In the IUPAC system of nomenclature‚ functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways. The presence of the function may be indicated by a characteristic suffix and a location number. This is common for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the respective suffixes ene and yne. Halogens‚ on the other hand‚ do not have a suffix and are named as substituents‚ for example: (CH3)2C=CHCHClCH3 is 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-pentene. If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature
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