Increasing the oxidation state or oxidation number of the carbon atom is called an oxidation reaction. This is done in two ways: 1) Increasing the number of carbon-O bonds (or any more electronegative atom than C). 2) Decrease number of C-H bonds. Aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols. Discussion & Conclusion: The first part of this experiment examined oxidation reaction which was used to
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primary sequence of amino acids to make proteins‚ and is found mainly in the cytoplasm. In terms of structure‚ its distinguishing characteristic is that‚ from its name‚ ribonucleic acid indicates the presence of ribose‚ a cyclic monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group. Furthermore‚ RNA can also be differentiated from other nucleic acids in terms of organic or nitrogen-containing bases. There are five organic bases involved in the formation of nucleic acids‚ and they could be categorized as purines
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CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Covalent Bond: A chemical bond formed by the sharing of two atoms. Types of Covalent Bonds i. Single Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms. ii. Double Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms. iii. Triple Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms. Properties of Covalent Bond i. Their B.P. and M.P
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odors or to introduce a specific odor. Basic ingredients in air fresheners typically include formaldehyde‚ aerosol propellant‚ petroleum distillates‚ and p-dichlorobenzene. Air freshener preparations often also include terpenes such as limonene. Aldehydes‚ ketones‚ esters‚ alcohols and other synthetic fragrances are also used. A report issued in 2005 by the Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs (BEUC) found that many air freshener products emit allergens and toxic air pollutants including benzene
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Experiment #4 (10/31/14) Lab Review Objective To introduce the basic molecules of life and to test for their presence in different substances. Introduction Macromolecules are in all forms of life. These organic compounds are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids. These are monomers and they link together into long chains that form polymers. Different reagents can be used to find the presence of these macromolecules. Proteins are made of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen‚ and sometimes
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(Author’s name) (Professor’s name) (Course details) (Date Abstract The aim of the lab was to separate and analyse analgesic drugs in a drug tablet. The method used to separate the components was Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with silica adsorbent as the stationary phase and 0.5% glacial acetic as the mobile phase. In one plate‚ five known samples were used as the reference‚ that is: Aspirin; Caffeine; Ibuprofen; and Salicylamide. Aspirin and Salicylamide were the only samples that fluoresced
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14. CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS AND CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS Overview “muscarinic receptor agonists” cholinergic agonists are drugs that act on acetylcholine receptors‚ thus causing excitation of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system there are 2 types of acetylcholine receptors 1) NICOTINIC RECEPTORS - are receptor-mediated ion channels - 3 types RECEPTOR TYPE MUSCLE TYPE GANGLION TYPE LOCATION - neuromuscular junction - sympathetic autonomic ganglia - parasympathetic autonomic
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Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds by Melting Point‚ Boiling Point‚ and Infrared Spectroscopy Methods and Background The goal of this laboratory experiment was to determine the structure and identity of an unknown solid and an unknown liquid by using elemental analysis‚ index of hydrogen deficiency‚ infrared spectroscopy‚ melting point (for solid)‚ and boiling point (for liquid). In this laboratory‚ we were given unknown solid “C” and unknown liquid “D”. The empirical formula
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beauty and created ‘Eau de la Reine Hangrie’. Perfume contains 70~85% alcohol and 15~30% of essence. From that‚ the concentration of alcohol is about 90~95%. The scent lasts about 12hours and a good perfume contains no water and ethanol and other aldehydes which has any bad smell. Since the scent is strong‚ perfume is used in parts of body where it is much moved and warm. It can also be used when going out or at the party. Second‚ it’s Eau de Perfume. Eau de Perfume is not just a perfume with low
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PICRIC ACID (DIRECT DYE): Take about 60 mL of water in a 400 mL beaker. Add 2-3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid and about 0.5 g of Picric Acid to it. Stir the solution with a wooden stick and warm over a hot water bath. Immerse one piece of each wool‚ cotton‚ polyester‚ nylon and terecot into it. When the pieces are thoroughly wetted in dye solution remove these with the help of forceps. Wash these with the help of warm water till the washing is colourless. Dry the pieces and note the results
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