August 24‚ 2012; Date Submitted: September 19‚ 2012 Results and Discussion Aldehydes and ketones both contain the carbonyl group – a group in which a carbon atom has a double bond to oxygen. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom‚ and in ketones it is bonded to two carbon atoms. The general formula for an aldehyde is And the general formula for a ketone is Aldehydes and ketones have a trigonal planar arrangement of groups around the carbonyl carbon
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Introduction Discovered by Georg Wittig in 1954‚ the Wittig reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for preparing stereospecific alkenes. In general‚ Wittig reactions involve an aldehyde or ketone and a Wittig reagent (triphenylphosphonium ylide) and result in the formation of an alkene product and triphenylphosphine oxide (side product). Stereospecific alkene products can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction reagents and conditions. In the 60 years since the Wittig reaction was discovered
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reagent directly into the solution. Shake the mixture A green bluish green precipitate appears within 1 min if the unknown compound is an aldehyde (Aliphatic aldehydes give precipitates with 15 s whereas aromatic aldehydes usually take 30-60s. Acetone and other keytones oxidize in this solution only after 2-3 mins. Place 2 drops of the unknown aldehyde and 0.5mL of ethanol in a 10 X 75 nm test tube Add water dropwise‚ shaking after each drop until the
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determine whether a carbonyl containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone. An aldehyde is a compound containing a formyl group (CHO).The experiment involves diamminesilver complex and a chemical reagent (also known as “Tollens’ reagent”) which in this case is glucose. In a successful experiment a reflective silver metal should precipitate‚ with characteristics identical to that of a mirror’‚ this indicates that there was a presence of aldehydes in the reaction. If no reflective silver surface is seen
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of organic synthesis‚ separation‚ purification‚ structural characterization by instrumental analysis. Train the ability to solve the practical problems. Principle: Aromatic aldehydes can have aldol reaction with aldehydes or ketones which have α-hydrogen atoms‚ dehydrate to form high yield of α‚β-unsaturated aldehydes or α‚β-unsaturated ketones under catalytic of alkalis. These kinds of reactions are called Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. It is an important approach to grow the carbon
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Vidallon‚ Mark Louis P. Date Performed: February 20‚ 2012 CHEM44.1 2L Date Submitted: March 12‚ 2012 MIXED-ALDOL CONDENSATION Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde I. Introduction Cinnamaldehyde‚ cinnamic aldehyde or 3-phenyl-2-propenal is the major constituent of cinnamon oil‚ extracted from several species of Cinnamomum (C. verum‚ C. burmanii‚ C. cassia)‚ under the family Lauraceae‚ a group of evergreen trees. Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4-0.8% oil‚ which contains 60-80% cinnamaldehyde
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Experiment 8: Synthesis of Adipic Acid Performed November 8th & 10th By Jennifer Seitz Organic Chemistry 344 Section 803 Fall 2011 Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize adipic acid from cyclohexanol via an oxidation reaction that was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Purity of the product was assessed by measuring the melting point. Physical Properties/Structures: Name | Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Boiling Point (0C) | Melting Point(0C) | Density(g/mL)
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addition occurs when an aldehyde forms an aldol in equilibrium. Usually two molecules of aldehydes combine with a base two form the aldol‚ which is a compound with an aldehyde with a hydroxyl group attached. During this reaction‚ the enolate ion of the aldehyde‚ which is the nucleophile‚ adds to the carbonyl group of the aldeyde to from the alkoxide ion. The alkoxide ion abstracts a proton from water to yield an aldol. Aldol condensation is when two molecules of an aldehyde combine to eventually form
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Esmeralda Curiel Organic Chemistry November 11‚ 2014 Experiment 62 – The Aldehyde Enigma INTRODUCTION In the Cannizaro reaction an aldehyde is simultaneously reduced into its primary alcohol form and also oxidized into it ’s carboxylic acid form. The purpose of this experiment is to isolate‚ purify and identify compounds 1 and 2 which contain 4-chlorobenzaldehyde‚ methanol‚ and aqueous potassium hydroxide. Compounds 1 and 2 are purified by crystallization. . The purified product will be characterized
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group tests test functional group positive result clear purple solution turns to brown precipitate Baeyer test alkenes and alkynes Bromine test alkenes and alkynes brown color disappears Dinitrophenylhydrazine test aldehydes and ketones yellow to orange red precipitate Ferrox test any functional group containing oxygen reddish-purple color Hydroxamate test amides and esters red-purple color appears Iodoform test methyl ketones yellow precipitate
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