FOUNDATION CHEMISTRY II CHM096 CHAPTER 1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PART I PREPARED BY SYED ABDUL ILLAH ALYAHYA BIN SYED ABD KADIR 1 TOPICS PART I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Isomerism and Overview of Organic Reaction Alkenes and Alkynes Alkyl Halides 2 TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 3 1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups What is Organic Chemistry?
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Organic Chemistry Basic Ideas: Carbon chains: Straight chains and branched chains‚ Numbering of chains and branches. Carbon Rings: Cyclic Molecules‚ Aromatic Compounds Types of Organic reactions: Combustion Addition Substitution Condensation Oxidation What is organic chemistry? Carbon compounds. Methane CH4 Hexane C6 H14 Ethane C2H 6 Heptane C7 H16 Propane C3H 8 Octane C8 H18 Butane C4H10 Nonane C9H20 Pentane C 5 H12 Decane C1 0 H22 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Assignments in Science Class X (Term II) 4 Carbon and its Compounds IMPORTANT NOTES 9. Unsaturated organic compounds : Organic compounds in which a double or a triple bond exists between two carbon atoms in a carbon chain‚ are called unsaturated organic compounds. 10. Hydrocarbons : Organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons. 11. Straight chain hydrocarbons : Hydrocarbons‚ in which all the carbon atoms are linked to one another in a straight chain
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Lab Management Assignment Hand Sanitizer 2012 xxx [Pick the date] HAND SANITISER * * A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a supplement or alternative to hand washing with soap and water. * Various preparations are available‚ including gel‚ foam‚ and liquid solutions. * The active ingredient in hand sanitizers may be isopropanol‚ ethanol‚ n-propanol‚ povidone-iodine. * Inactive ingredients in alcohol rubs typically include a thickening agent such as polyacrylic
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involved in chemical reactions. • Hydroxyl group: a chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. • Carbonyl groups: a chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. • Carboxyl group: a chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
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Carbohydrates can be separated into three groups‚ monosaccharide‚ disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharide is the monomer of carbohydrates which contain hydroxyl group‚ such as glucose and fructose. Disaccharides are sugars that contain either aldehydes or ketone that react with hydroxyl group‚ such as maltose and lactose. Polysaccharides are the long chains of monosaccharide‚ which is called the polymer of carbohydrates. Monosaccharide and disaccharides can be tested by the Benedict’s test‚ as
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Preparing nitriles from carbonyl compounds is useful in reactions because nitriles are versatile functional groups1. Not only are they versatile functional groups but they serve as precursors in several transformations. The cyano-group is found in many bioactive molecules and plays a role in hydrogen bonding to certain biological receptors.4 Nitriles are carboxylic acid derivatives because they can easily be converted to carboxylic acid under either basic or acidic conditions. Piperonal is an aromatic
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Unit 1: Introduction to Biochemistry Lesson 1-4: Key Question How many electrons does Mg2+ have? (1 mark) Mg2+ has 10 electrons. A magnesium atom has 12 electrons with 2 of the 12 being valence electrons. Therefore the atom will lose the valence electrons which are located on the outermost shell to stabilize itself (outermost shell) as atoms tend to do what it easiest. Since magnesium lost 2 electrons it becomes positive as it is giving away electrons to stabilize other atoms. Hence magnesium
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Case Study Summaries Case 1: J. Wellington Wimpy. Wimpy’s burger meal likely contained simple carbohydrates from the white flour bun‚ sugars in the ketchup‚ and saturated fats from the beef patty and cheese slice. Conversely‚ his turkey sub meal after the transformation likely provided complex carbohydrates from the whole wheat sub roll‚ lower amounts of saturated fats with high amounts of unsaturated fats in the turkey breast slices‚ and unsaturated fats from the veggies. Carbohydrates‚ which
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Nicola Cooper Student No; cs329513 What effect does alcohol have on a person’s health and life expectancy? The consumption of alcoholic beverages dates back to approximately 10‚000 years ago when viticulture’ (the selective cultivation of grape vines for making wine) is said to have originated in the mountains between the Black and Caspian Seas. (1) It is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs in the world. Alcohol interacts with gamma amino bultyric acid (GABA) receptors in the
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