ABSTRACT Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as infectious diseases. Clinical microbiologists have great interest in screening of plants for antimicrobial activities and phytochemicals as potential new therapeutics. The use of plant extract for medical treatments is enjoying
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| There are a number of functional groups in biological molecules. Which of the following statements about their presence in different classes of molecules is most accurate? | | A. | Hydroxyl groups are only present in carbohydrates. | B. | Aldehyde groups are common in proteins. | C. | Amino groups may be found in modified carbohydrates as well as in proteins. | D. | Carboxyl groups are found only in small molecules. | E. | Sulfhydryl groups are common in fats. | | Incorrect See Section
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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and many other groups besides nitro may be introduced into the ring. Although the reaction produced a low yield at the end‚ the yield is calculated from the reaction and limiting reagent. Keywords: electrophilic aromatic substitution‚ nitration‚ aldehyde‚ nitrating group Introduction Electrophilic substitution happens in many of the reactions of compounds containing benzene rings - the arenes. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is a reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is
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INTRODUCTION Plant pigments consist of four main chemicals. These are Chlorophylls‚ The carotenoids‚ Anthocyanin and Betacaine. The aims of this experiment is to separate the plant pigment into different colours using solvents and column chromatography. The hypothesis of this experiment is that this plant pigment from spinach will contain the chlorophyll pigment or may contain the others too. Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll a is the main component of the plant pigments. This is used for the most
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APPROVED ACADEMIC SESSION: 2011/2012 Campus MEDWAY School School of Science Level Four Date May 2012 COURSE CODE BIOC1011 COURSE TITLE FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY Duration 2 Hours ___________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES SECTION A Answer all the multiple choice questions on the answer sheet provided. Each question has ONE correct answer only. Each question is worth one mark
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glycolaldehyde from forerunners‚ for example‚ isoprene and ethene‚ its water solvency and the watery development of low instability items (natural acids and oligomers). It was anticipated that watery photo-oxidation of glycolaldehyde and different aldehydes in cloud‚ mist‚ and aerosol water is a critical source of SOA and that fuse of this SOA arrangement pathway in chemical transport models will offer assistance clarify the current under-forecast of organic PM
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Biology 113 Review sheet Chapter 2: * What is a compound and how is it different than an element? Compound is more than one element. An element cannot be broken down by chem. Rxns. * What are the 4 main elements of life? Why? C‚H‚O‚N they make up 96% of living matter and they are found in all of the major macromolecules * Be able to calculate the number of protons‚ neutrons and electrons given an element’s mass number or atomic number. If given this symbol - 4He – can you tell
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF PHARMACOGNOSY In 780 AD ‚ a Greek pharmaco-botanist Pedanios Dioscorides wrote and described about 600 plants with medicinal properties in his book “De materia medica libre cinque(concerning medical matter in five volumes). Galen was a Greek pharmacist-physician who lived in Rome and who describe the method of preparing formulas containing plant and animal drugs and the term ”galenical pharmacy” was originated. In 19th century material medica (medical
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"We live in a world where lemonade is made from artificial flavoring and furniture polish is made from real lemons‚" said Mad Magazine’s Alfred E. Neuman. Throughout history‚ the spice industry has evolved from primitive humans flavoring meat with leaves‚ to multi-billion dollar companies injecting chemical compounds into common foods; from tasting a few minute grains on entrées to feeling a discharge of natural and artificial flavors from exquisite candies‚ and from scavenging the world for priceless
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