was synthesis by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid using nucleophilic substitution sn1. In the substitution reaction the Hydrogen in HCl protonated the alcohol group in t-pentyl alcohol and turned it to a good leaving group (H2O). a tertiary carbon cation was formed. a nucleophilic attach of the negative Cl- attacked the carbon cation forming t-pentyl chloride [7]. As the reaction proceeded‚ extraction and distillation techniques were used to get a pure product of t-pentyl chloride. The percent
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This lab report will be detailing the steps taken and the results discovered when using spectrophotometry to determine the percentage of copper in a copper-clad penny and the thicknes of the copper layer on the copper-clad penny. After 1982‚ copper coating has been used in the creation of the penny because the cost of pure copper has increase to the point that the amount needed t omake a penny cost far more than the actual value of the penny. This lab allowed us to see just how much copper coating
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LAB REPORT Introduction: In a chemical change‚ the identities of substances change and new substances form. In an equation the substances on the left are the reactants. The substances on the right are the products. In this experiment the objectives are to observe evidence that a chemical change has taken place. Infer from observations that a new substance has been formed. Identify and record observations that show energy is involved in chemical change observe the color‚ solubility of some substances
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Department of Chemistry Chem 180 Lab 5: Ionic Reactions Submitted by Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to work with aqueous solutions of ionic substances. Aqueous solutions are those solutions in which water is the solvent. When ionic substances are dissolved in water‚ the ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules. The focus of this experiment is on precipitates. The goal of this experiment is to study the nature of ionic reactions‚ write balanced equations‚ and to
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10/24/2013 LAB TITLE: Single Replacement Reaction of Solid Copper with Silver Nitrate PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to: • Observe a single replacement reaction‚ and • Calculate the mole ratio of silver (Ag) to copper (Cu) in the reaction MATERIALS • Copper wire (30 cm) • Large test tube • 250 ml beaker • Silver nitrate (AgNO3) powder • Dilute AgNO3 solution • Distilled water • Electronic balance • Glass stir rod • Watch glass PRE-LAB DISCUSSION A single
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Lab Report: Toothpickase and Enzymes September 19‚ 2012 Olivia DePhillips Lab Partner: Joy Morgan Meyers Signature: Introduction Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions‚ the molecules at the beginning of the process‚ called substrates‚ are converted into different molecules‚ called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates sufficient for life. Like all catalysts‚ enzymes work
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Lab Report: Halogen Reactions Purpose: This experiment will allow for exploration into some of the properties of Group 17 elements (halogens) and their compounds. More specifically‚ the solubility properties of these halogens will be used to predict their reactions. The relative electronegativities of the halogens will be determined. Halides‚such as Cl-‚ Br-‚ and I- will be used to make these determinations. Because this lab is qualitative rather than quantitative‚ there are no calculation
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Lab Report Abstract: The purpose of this lab was to see how magnesium reacts with oxygen. This reaction must be forced with heat. As magnesium changes to magnesium oxide the mass increased. Procedure: 1. Set up the stand and bunsen burne. 2. Go to crucible heat oven to obtain a crucible. 3. Weigh the crucible and lids mass. 4. Break up the magnesium ribbon on the crucible and weigh the mass of the magnesium‚ crucible‚ and lid. 5. Place the crucible on the ring stand over the flame. Allow
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Material and methods Hosts ‚ plasmids and chemicals E. coli TOP10 strain was used for cloning and proliferation. E.coli BL21 DE3 was used as expression host cell. The pET 28a(+) plasmid was employed for gene expression. All chemicals were obtained from Merck Company (Germany). Codon optimization and gene synthesis Sequence encoding V-domain was obtained from Swiss-port‚ Uniprot KB and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. 6x His-tag sequence was placed at N-terminal
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Student’s Name Date of Experiment- 11/27/12 Date Report Submitted 11/27/12 Title: Caloric Content of Food Purpose: to be able to measure the energy content of foods Procedure: We are going to take food items and burn them to heat water to be able to determine the amount of “energy” a food source can emit. Data Tables: |Data Table 1: Food Item - Observations
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