Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
Free Solvent Acetic acid Ethanol
average waitress trying to survive a minimum wage job. In this work‚ the speaker reveals how workers are not allowed breaks and “for six to eight hours in a row‚ you never sit except to pee” (pg. 3). She also talks about the physical pain she’s in from carrying trays saying “I start tossing back drugstore-brand ibuprofens as if they were vitamin C” (p.4). Even with all this painstaking work‚ the speaker can only afford to live in a dingy trailer park because she is working off of minimum wage. As
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which Wal-Mart demands of all artists. Wal-Mart also refuses to stock CDs with parental advisory stickers on them‚ although it should be the consumer’s choice on whether they choose a CD with a parental advisory sticker on it. This prevents music fans from buying certain albums that they want and have been so hyped up for. This outrage in the way Wal-Mart deals with music censorship is wrong and contributes to the reason why Wal-Mart is bad. Wal-Mart is a massive retail company that has large chains
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groaning; typical right? Students had never been allowed to use their cell phones in class‚ let alone in the school. So why were they so disappointed? Teachers make that rule because cell phones distract students’ learning processes and takes away from good learning. While Richtel stated that schools shouldn’t rush into using technology so soon‚ but should have educators focus more on teaching students the old fashioned way‚ including pen and paper; Sweeney wrote about how it is beneficial to students
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In the most simple form‚ FM digital synthesis consists of two sine waves. One is called the modulating wave and the other is called the carrier wave. The carrier wave is the only waveform that is audible. The modulating wave does just as it sounds‚ it modulates the amplitude of the carrier wave‚ and acts as a control value. The frequency of the modulating frequency controls the rate of change in the carrier wave; it controls how fast the modulation occurs in the carrier wave. And the amplitude of
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for the pure aspirin from the synthesis was taken by using crushed crystals‚ Figure 1. This spectrum was shown with different absorption bands corresponded with the functional groups of aspirin which was observed at frequencies > 1500 cm-1. These infrared frequencies were shown in Table 2. An infrared spectrum of an authentic aspirin was used to distinguish how authentic the infrared spectrum from the synthesis was shown in Figure 2 In this lab‚ aspirin was synthesized from salicylic acid in a process
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GDF15/MIC-1 is a product of macrophage activation‚ suggesting that it may be involved in chronic inflammatory processes (-). GDF15 is a stress-responsive member of the TGF-β superfamily and initially described as macrophage inhibitory cytokine (-). Although GDF15 has been described in many solid tumors for almost 10 years‚ the nature of its receptor is still unknown. There is some evidence of Smad signaling pathway activation‚ suggesting GDF15 may act through TGF-β receptor superfamily pathways (-)
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(Robinson‚ 2011‚ p. 23). The origin of dreams encompasses three areas‚ the psychological‚ the scientific and the theoretical depending on to whom you talk. But for this paper‚ a review of Freud’s concepts of dreams‚ an analysis of the Activation Synthesis Theory of dreams‚ and an inquiry into the Activation-Information-Mode (AIM) Model of dreams will define dream theories. Dreaming is an important aspect of a person’s psychological well-being‚ and Sigmund Freud began the real inquiry into the process
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The dust in our homes and the air we breathe harbor a complex stew of chemicals. Some‚ like oxygen‚ sustain life. Others are pollution stemming from things like car exhaust or from tiny scraps of household products. A pair of new studies adds a level of much-needed detail about exactly how widespread such toxic exposures can be. A new analysis‚ published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology‚ reaffirmed that consumer product chemicals including phthalates‚ phenols and flame retardants are
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Traditional way of synthesizing sensitive rhodamine starts with rhodamine B‚ amino compound‚ and some alkali additive in the presence of weak base. However‚ for RH-PY‚ the stearic hindrance of pyrene slows the reactivity‚ and the reaction does not go to completion. Therefore‚ the reaction procedure was modified as follows. First‚ HATU and DIPEA were used to activate the carboxyl group of rhodamine B‚ then the activated rhodamine B was reacted with 1-aminopyrene. By introducing this method‚ the reaction
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