In the reaction mechanism‚ a carboxylic acid‚ m-toluic acid is used to synthesize N‚N-diethyl-m-toluamide‚ also know as DEET‚ through a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. The reaction begins by first converting the m-toluic carboxylic acid into an acyl chlorosulfite through a reaction using thionyl chloride. The carboxylic acid is converted into an acyl chloride because the acyl chloride is more reactive. In this step‚ hydrochloric acid is formed from a hydrogen on the carboxylic acid and a
Premium Carbonyl Organic chemistry Hydrogen chloride
nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics‚ in therapies‚ as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this‚ the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are
Premium Chemistry Silver Spectroscopy
At the beginning of the lab‚ a micro test tube with and without glass wool was weighed on an analytical balance. A watch glass‚ crucible‚ and lid were also weighed. The masses of all the materials needed for the lab were recorded in the data tables of the laboratory notebook. An unknown vial was obtained from the teacher and set to zero on the balance. About 0.6 grams of the unknown was measured into the micro test tube. The analytical balance was set to zero again and then the test tube with the
Premium Chemistry Water Chemical reaction
Figure 6: Imatinib The first imatinib drug synthesis was done by Zimmermann (figure 7) in 1993‚ he used a chain of the reaction to reach to imatinib but the important part is that both guanidinium nitrate 7 and aminopyrimidine 8 are precipitated from the respective reaction mixtures by the addition of Figure 7: imatinib synthesis by Zimmermann insolubilizing solvents‚ so we got a condensation reaction between guanidinium salt 7 with enone “9” to form the aminopyrimidine “8” then “8” is
Premium Protein DNA Amino acid
crystals 18.287g Claim: Based on my calculations‚ the theoretical yield of Aluminum was 18.160g‚ and the actual yield was 18.287g. This gives a percent yield of 100.699%. Evidence/ Reasoning: By looking at the overall reaction involved in the lab‚ we can see that two moles of Aluminum are needed to react in the reaction‚ producing 2 moles of KAl(SO4)2 ·12H2O. This lets us know that however many moles of Aluminum there are in the original sample will be equal to
Premium Aluminium Alum Chemistry
(NH2CH2CH2NH2) that formed [Co(en)2(H2O)2]Cl. Then the [Co(en)2(H2O)2]Cl was reacted with H2O2 to change the cobalt’s charge to cobalt(III) from cobalt(II). Finally HCl was added into the solution to form [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl. The percent yield was 45.51%.To synthesis trans isomers of [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl‚ distilled water was first mixed with CoCl2▪6H2O‚ the solution color was changed to wine color. After ethlenediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) was added‚ the color of the solution changed to blood color‚ and kept its color until
Premium
of the gel electrophoresis‚ both Madi and me are homozygous positive (+/+) for the Alu gene. This can be determined by looking at the ladder and comparing our sample to it‚ to find out if we are homozygous or heterozygous. Discussion For this lab‚ DNA from our cheek cells were separated through PCR‚ and singled out through gel electrophoresis. The process of the PCR is complex and contains different components and reactions. The first main step of PCR is denaturing. The temperature at which
Premium DNA Molecular biology Gel electrophoresis
Unit 4 Assessment 2-Benzoic Acid Synthesis Synthesis and Investigation of Benzoic Acid Our aims: Create benzoic acid using benzaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Then remove some impurities from the benzoic acid crystals. Apparatus: Titration Pipette (25 cm3) Burette (50 cm3) Retort stand Clamp Conical flask (250 cm3) Volumetric flask (250 cm3) and stopper White tile Beakers (250 cm3) Dropping pipette Filter funnel Deionised water Phenolphthalein indicator Volumetric flask
Premium Chemistry Water Sodium hydroxide
Objective: The objective of this lab is to determine and analyze the many chemical qualities of copper ‚ by using many solutions that enable copper to undergo chemical changes that will take copper from a metal back to its original state. This is done using cooper‚ Concentrated HNO3‚ 6 M NaOH ‚ Bunsen burner‚ 6 M H2SO4‚ Mg ribbon‚ and two test tubes. The techniques used in this lab which is cleaning glassware‚ disposing of chemicals ‚ measuring mass ‚ centrifugation ‚ venting gases‚ and test tube
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Chemical element
In this experiment‚ we used simple distillation and extraction to do synthesis of 1-bromobutane. The experiment was carried out by mixing 13.3 g of sodium bromide‚ 15 mL of water and 10 mL of n-butyl alcohol in a 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture and added 11.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Then the mixture was heated at reflux with a short condenser for 45 minutes and then we drained out the condenser. We removed the condenser and distillation head was set up to set up the condenser
Premium Distillation Water Chemistry