Conformity is defined as a tendency to change our behaviors‚ opinions‚ or perceptions that are consistent with group norms. For example‚ when you are around a group of chess players as a guy‚ you expect to get comfortable playing chess with other men even when you perceive yourself to be more comfortable around women than other men. This is consistent with the fact that the game of chess is known to be male-dominated. Many people are not going to care about your own needs and wants as a chess
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GROUPTHINK THEORY COMM410 As people‚ when confronted with a problem where a solution must be found‚ our ideal situation is to come up with the best possible one. To do this‚ we ideally gather the most knowledgeable‚ intelligent individuals into a group and attempt to derive the best solution to the problem. With the collection of these people‚ one would think that finding the best possible answer to the problem would be a rather simple task. However‚ what has happened in many situations is
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you did not want to appear unsupportive of the group’s efforts? If so‚ you have probably been a victim of "Groupthink". Irving Lester Janis (26 May 1918 - 15 November 1990) was a research psychologist at Yale University and most famous for his theory of "groupthink" which described the systematic errors made by groups when taking collective decisions(Wikipedia).Janis described “groupthink” as “a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group.When the
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There are several main causes of groupthink. These include group cohesiveness‚ overall group isolation‚ group leadership‚ and decision-making stress. High levels ofcohesiveness decrease the amount of verbal dissension within a tight group‚ due to interpersonal pressure to conform. This high level of cohesiveness also creates self-censorship and apparent unanimity within the group. Normally‚ group dissension is necessary for good decision-making‚ because it introduce different perspectives to the
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recent decades‚ the U.S. has started to become more politically polarized than it has ever been before. This means that the separation between the liberals and conservatives‚ or Democrats and Republicans‚ is very evident and continuing to grow. Polarization can be seen as an accessory to democracy in the sense that it makes the different sides of controversial issues very clear to the public‚ ultimately leading to a higher voter turn out. On the first day of the 1961 Congress session‚ the former
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parents and children increases polarization of negative outgroup attitudes. Discussions create questions‚ and questions allows for mental growth beyond the parents’ prejudices and blind following. Foster states that ". . .as soon as we notice blindness and sight as thematic components of a work‚ more and more related images and phrases emerge in the text” (203)‚ and this is true to life. As soon as one becomes aware of the dangerous effects of putting social groups into boxes or assuming one’s character
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Polarization in Congress leads to less bills reaching the President for review. While a Congress that passes every bill it meets provides no benefits‚ Congressmen should not shirk their duties primarily due to polarization. Representatives’ achievements for the term should instead be limited on properly in-depth debate and discussion relating to the legislature they need to pass. However‚ at an increasing rate‚ senators drop bills out of the law-generating cycle (Andris‚ 10). Andris‚ et al‚ explains:
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GROUPTHINK THEORY Groupthink is a concurrence-seeking tendency that can deter collective decision-making processes and lead to poor decisions that induce fiascos‚ (Janis‚ 1972‚ 1982). Janis (1972) defined groupthink as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group‚ when the members’ strivings for agreement override their motivation to realistically review alternative courses of action. Janis listed eight symptoms of group think: Illusions of invulnerability
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opinions over an individual’s lifetime should also be considered when explaining why the decrease of polarization
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Janis’ concept of Groupthink Janis’ (1972) concept of Groupthink sets out symptoms and characteristics that can occur within cohesive groups. This behaviour can have significant negative influences on the decision making process within the group. Janis further classifies six main symptoms which can be found in groups suffering from Groupthink. The story of ‘The Bay of Pigs’‚ and the case study of the pharmaceutical industry‚ will help us to illustrate differences between the characteristics
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